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Solid cancers often shed (sub)cellular materials into the circulation, such as circulating tumor cells and extracellular microvesicles. Mounting evidence supports that these circulating materials could serve as surrogate cancer markers for classifying primary tumors, stratifying patients for targeted therapies, assessing treatment efficacy, and achieving clinical benefits. A sensor platform capable of sensitive and portable detection of circulating cancer markers would thus be an invaluable tool, that will advance our understanding of tumor biology as well as clinical outcomes. This dissertation describes various systems that we have developed for quantitative analyses of circulating cancer biomarkers. Firstly, we have developed a novel magnetic resonance sensing platform for microvesicle analyses. By using a chip-based platform that combines microfiltration and bioorthogonal nanoparticle targeting, we demonstrate for the first time that magnetic biosensing can be applied for clinical evaluation of circulating microvesicles in blood samples to monitor cancer therapy. Secondly, we have advanced a new plasmonic sensor to achieve label-free detection of microvesicles. Based on periodic nanohole arrays, this platform has been applied for high-throughput protein profiling of microvesicles in native ascites. Finally, we have implemented microfluidic devices to effectively enrich circulating tumor cells from peripheral whole blood, and to enable comprehensive molecular analyses of isolated tumor cells at a single cell resolution. By enabling rapid, sensitive and cost-effective detection of circulating cancer markers, these developed platforms could significantly expand the reach of preclinical and clinical cancer research, in informing therapy selection, rationally directing trials, and improving sequential monitoring to achieve better clinical outcomes.
Bridging the gap between research and clinical application, Biosensors and Molecular Technologies for Cancer Diagnostics explores the use of biosensors as effective alternatives to the current standard methods in cancer diagnosis and detection. It describes the major aspects involved in detecting and diagnosing cancer as well as the basic elements of biosensors and their applications in detection and diagnostics. The book addresses cancer molecular diagnostics, including genomic and proteomic approaches, from the perspective of biosensors and biodetection. It explains how to measure and understand molecular markers using biosensors and discusses the medical advantages of rapid and accurate cancer diagnostics. It also describes optical, electrochemical, and optomechanical biosensor technologies, with a focus on cancer analysis and the clinical utility of these technologies for cancer detection, diagnostics, prognostics, and treatment. Making biosensor technology more accessible to molecular biologists, oncologists, pathologists, and engineers, this volume advances the integration of this technology into mainstream clinical practice. Through its in-depth coverage of a range of biosensors, the book shows how they can play instrumental roles in the early molecular diagnosis of cancer.
Cancer is one of leading cause of deaths, and responsible for 8.2 million deaths worldwide. Especially, 70% of deaths from cancer occur in low or mid income countries. In order to deliver affordable and accessible cancer care to low income developing countries, it is critical to develop rapid, low cost, and highly accurate tools for cancer detection and treatment. Recently, liquid biopsy and circulating cancer biomarkers such as circulating tumor cells (CTC), extracellular vesicles (EV), and cell free DNA (cfDNA) have gained great attentions for early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring of cancer patients because they can be accessed in less invasive approaches through body fluids while providing quantitative information about original tumors at low cost. To facilitate detection of circulating cancer biomarkers, we developed electromagnetic biosensing systems for rapid and quantitative molecular analysis. First, we report portable nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system that detects cancer cells or proteins labelled with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The developed NMR system could detect as low as 20 cancer cells in 5 uL samples. Second, we describe micro-Hall magnetometer that molecularly profiles single cancer cell with magnetic multiplexing. The micro-Hall magnetometer, which consisted of an array of 7 um x 7 um Hall sensors, showed its capability to differentiate magnetic particles with distinct magnetic moments. We applied this technology to molecular profiling of single ovarian cancer cell. Last, we introduce wirelessly powered electrochemical system that detect cancer specific EV and DNA. Using immuno-magnetic sandwich assay, we could enrich almost 100% of EVs from clinical specimens without ultracentrifugation and profile cancer specific transmembrane proteins from as low as 105 EVs. Also, we demonstrated PCR-free detection of single stranded DNA with in-vitro protein synthesis assay. These electromagnetic biosensors will be powerful tools to deliver more accessible and affordable cancer care to resource limited areas in developing countries.
This book offers a comprehensive overview of the development and application of microfluidics and biosensors in cancer research, in particular, their applications in cancer modeling and theranostics. Over the last decades, considerable effort has been made to develop new technologies to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Microfluidics has proven to be a powerful tool for manipulating biological fluids with high precision and efficiency and has already been adopted by the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. With recent technological advances, particularly biosensors, microfluidic devices have increased their usefulness and importance in oncology and cancer research. The aim of this book is to bring together in a single volume all the knowledge and expertise required for the development and application of microfluidic systems and biosensors in cancer modeling and theranostics. It begins with a detailed introduction to the fundamental aspects of tumor biology, cancer biomarkers, biosensors and microfluidics. With this knowledge in mind, the following sections highlight important advances in developing and applying biosensors and microfluidic devices in cancer research at universities and in the industry. Strategies for identifying and evaluating potent disease biomarkers and developing biosensors and microfluidic devices for their detection are discussed in detail. Finally, the transfer of these technologies into the clinical environment for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients will be highlighted. By combining the recent advances made in the development and application of microfluidics and biosensors in cancer research in academia and clinics, this book will be useful literature for readers from a variety of backgrounds. It offers new visions of how this technology can influence daily life in hospitals and companies, improving research methodologies and the prognosis of cancer patients.
This book highlights both conventional and nanomaterials-based biosensors for the detection of cervical cancers. It describes developments in the selective and sensitive electrochemical biosensors based on DNA for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Further, this book covers other nano-biosensing systems such as nano-thermometry-based sensing platforms, mechanical sensing platforms encompassing piezoelectric-based sensors, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy based on PEGylated arginine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles, and field-effect transistor-based platforms for the early detection of cervical cancer. Also, it presents conventional platforms such as vibrational spectroscopy and polymerase chain reaction techniques for the diagnosis of cervical cancer. Finally, it reviews currently available biomarkers for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer and presents strategies for developing novel biomarkers based on cellular and molecular approaches. As such, this book is a comprehensive resource for researchers and clinicians working in cervical cancer diagnostics.
Early diagnosis of cancer and other non-oncological disorders gives a significant advantage for curing the disease and improving patient’s life expectancy. Recent advances in biosensor-based techniques which are designed for specific biomarkers can be exploited for early diagnosis of diseases. Biosensor Based Advanced Cancer Diagnostics covers all available biosensor-based approaches and comprehensive technologies; along with their application in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic management of various oncological disorders. Besides this, current challenges and future aspects of these diagnostic approaches have also been discussed. This book offers a view of recent advances and is also helpful for designing new biosensor-based technologies in the field of medical science, engineering and biomedical technology. Biosensor Based Advanced Cancer Diagnostics helps biomedical engineers, researchers, molecular biologists, oncologists and clinicians with the development of point of care devices for disease diagnostics and prognostics. It also provides information on developing user friendly, sensitive, stable, accurate, low cost and minimally invasive modalities which can be adopted from lab to clinics. This book covers in-depth knowledge of disease biomarkers that can be exploited for designing and development of a range of biosensors. The editors have summarized the potential cancer biomarkers and methodology for their detection, plus transferring the developed system to clinical application by miniaturization and required integration with microfluidic systems. Covers design and development of advanced platforms for rapid diagnosis of cancerous biomarkers Takes a multidisciplinary approach to sensitive transducers development, nano-enabled advanced imaging, miniaturized analytical systems, and device packaging for point-of-care applications Offers an insight into how to develop cost-effective diagnostics for early detection of cancer
Since four decades, rapid detection and monitoring in clinical and food diagnostics and in environmental and biodefense have paved the way for the elaboration of electrochemical biosensors. Thanks to their adaptability, ease of use in relatively complex samples, and their portability, electrochemical biosensors now are one of the mainstays of analy
Understanding the importance and application of biosensors is complicated by the diverse range of methods and applications. Furthermore, existing texts are somewhat technical in nature, making it difficult for the novice. This book disseminates information on biosensors in a readable way, suitable to a wide audience with varying levels of experience. Topics include optical imaging, surface plasmon resonance, microcantilevers, electrochemistry, aptamers, fluorescence, electrochemistry, nanobiosensors, and nanowires.
Reliable, precise and accurate detection and analysis of biomarkers remains a significant challenge for clinical researchers. Methods for the detection of biomarkers are rather complex, requiring pre-treatment steps before analysis can take place. Moreover, comparing various biomarker assays and tracing research progress in this area systematically is a challenge for researchers. The Detection of Biomarkers presents developments in biomarker detection, including methods tools and strategies, biosensor design, materials, and applications. The book presents methods, materials and procedures that are simple, precise, sensitive, selective, fast and economical, and therefore highly practical for use in clinical research scenarios. This volume situates biomarker detection in its research context and sets out future prospects for the area. Its 20 chapters offer a comprehensive coverage of biomarkers, including progress on nanotechnology, biosensor types, synthesis, immobilization, and applications in various fields. The book also demonstrates, for students, how to synthesize and immobilize biosensors for biomarker assay. It offers researchers real alternative and innovative ways to think about the field of biomarker detection, increasing the reliability, precision and accuracy of biomarker detection. Locates biomarker detection in its research context, setting out present and future prospects Allows clinical researchers to compare various biomarker assays systematically Presents new methods, materials and procedures that are simple, precise, sensitive, selective, fast and economical Gives innovative biomarker assays that are viable alternatives to current complex methods Helps clinical researchers who need reliable, precise and accurate biomarker detection methods
Advances in Cancer Research, Volume 139, provides invaluable information on the exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research. Original reviews are presented on a variety of topics relating to the rapidly developing intersection between nanotechnology and cancer research, with unique sections in the new release focusing on Exosomes as a theranostic for lung cancer, Nanotechnology and cancer immunotherapy, Ultrasound imaging agents and delivery systems, Dendronized systems for the delivery of chemotherapeutics, Thermosensitive liposomes for image-guided drug delivery, Supramolecular Chemistry in Tumor Analysis and Drug Delivery, Gold nanoparticles for delivery of cancer therapeutics, and Single cell barcode microchip for cancer research and therapy. Provides the latest information on cancer research Offers outstanding and original reviews on a range of cancer research topics Serves as an indispensable reference for researchers and students alike