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Binary Polar Liquids: Structural and Dynamic Characterization Using Spectroscopic Methods provides liquid state physical chemists and physicists with practical theoretical models based on a wealth of robust data that describe the dielectric properties of dipolar materials in a systematic manner. In many applications, reference measurements using dielectric permittivity data are required. Over the past three decades, the author has compiled and analyzed permittivity research data and relaxation times for various polar liquids and their mixtures. The resulting structural data - as determined from various models - is critically evaluated, arming scientists with a complete characterization of the spectra of water-containing mixtures. - Includes theoretical models that describe dielectric properties of dipolar materials - Features reference measurements using dielectric permittivity data - Describes the experimental techniques and procedures to extract the permittivity spectra and determination of different molecular parameters - Provides a critical evaluation and analysis of research data compiled and consolidated over more than 30 years
This book is unique in that it brings together published viscosity data, experimental methods, theoretical, correlation and predictive procedures in a single volume. The readers will get a better understanding of why various methods are used for measuring viscosity of different types of liquids and why an experimental method is dependent on fluid characteristics, such as Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluids.
During its short 20 year history High Performance Liquid Chro matography (HPLC) has won itself a firm place amongst the instrumental methods of analysis. HPLC has caused a revolution in biological and pharmaceutical chemistry. Approximately two thirds of the publications on HPLC are concerned with problems from this area of life science. Biotechnology, where it is necessary to isolate substances from complicated mixtures, is likely to give further impetus to the dissemination of modern liquid chromatog raphy in columns, particularly on the preparative scale. This book presents, by means of examples, the application of HPLC to various fields, as well as fundamental discussions of chromatographic methods. The quality of the analytical result is decisively dependent on the qualities of the equipment employed (by Colin, Guiochon, and Martin). Especially the demands are discussed that are placed on the components of the instrument including those for data acquisition and processing. The section on "quantitative analy sis" (by ABhauer, Ullner) covers besides the principles also the problems of ensuring the quality of the data in detail. The basic problems arising by enlarging the sample size to preparative di mensions and the requirements put on the aparatus are discussed in the section on "preparative applications" (by Wehrli).
The unique behavior of the "liquid state", together with the richness of phenomena that are observed, render liquids particularly interesting for the scientific community. Note that the most important reactions in chemical and biological systems take place in solutions and liquid-like environments. Additionally, liquids are utilized for numerous industrial applications. It is for these reasons that the understanding of their properties at the molecular level is of foremost interest in many fields of science and engineering. What can be said with certainty is that both the experimental and theoretical studies of the liquid state have a long and rich history, so that one might suppose this to be essentially a solved problem. It should be emphasized, however, that although, for more than a century, the overall scientific effort has led to a considerable progress, our understanding of the properties of the liquid systems is still incomplete and there is still more to be explored. Basic reason for this is the "many body" character of the particle interactions in liquids and the lack of long-range order, which introduce in liquid state theory and existing simulation techniques a number of conceptual and technical problems that require specific approaches. Also, many of the elementary processes that take place in liquids, including molecular translational, rotational and vibrational motions (Trans. -Rot. -Vib. coupling), structural relaxation, energy dissipation and especially chemical changes in reactive systems occur at different and/or extremely short timescales.
Complex liquids constitute a basic element in modern materials science; their significant features include self-assembly, mesoscale structures, complex dynamics, unusual phases and enormous sensitivity to perturbations. Understanding their nature and properties are a great challenge to modern materials science that demands novel approaches. This book focuses on nonlinear dielectric phenomena, particularly on nonlinear dielectric spectroscopy (NDS), which may be considered a possible successor to broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). NDS phenomena directly coupled to mesoscale heterogeneity fluctuations, so information obtained in this way is basically complementary to BDS tests. The book also discusses the application of NDS in a set of complex liquid systems: glassy liquids, liquid crystals, liquids with critical point phenomena, and bio-relevant liquids. The complementary application of NDS and BDS may allow the discovery of universal patterns for the whole category of complex liquids. Written by specialists in the field of nonlinear dielectric studies, theoreticians and experimentalists, ranging from solid state physics to biophysics, the book is organized so that it can serve as a basic textbook for a non-experienced reader.
Colloque Weyl I was convened in June 1963 at the Catholic University of Lille to commemorate one hundred years of the study of metal-ammonia solutions. This memorable event, which involved a "single-particle excitation", inspired Gerard Lepoutre to assemble an international group of physicists and chemists to discuss the nature of metal-ammonia solutions. Colloque Weyl II, which took 1969, was initiated as a place at Cornell Universtiy, Ithaca, N.Y. in June "cooperative interaction" between M. J. Sienko, J. L. Dye, J. J. Lagowski, G. Lepoutre and J. C. Thompson. That meeting made it clear that Colloque Weyl should be continued in order to promote the fruitful exchange of ideas set in motion at Lille and at Cornell. Colloque Weyl III came into being as the result of a resolution passed at the Cornell meeting, Tel-Aviv University being the suggested site. The Organizing Committee consisted ofE. D. Bergmann, J. Jortner, J. J. Lagowski, G. Lepoutre, U. Schindewolf and M. J. Sienko, reflecting the international and interdisciplinary aspects of the field.
This unique book aims to expose the reader to a wide range of phenomena occurring when soft matter systems are put under the influence of an external electric field. The book shows how an electric field can be used to affect objects at the submicron scale, and how it controls the phase behavior of liquids and polymers. The main focus is on the basic underlying mechanisms. Some technological applications are dealt with as well. Book chapters are arranged in a logical order, from OC simpleOCO systems to more complicated ones. In addition, each topic is covered by the mixed bag of theory, experiment and simulation; and this will give the reader a broad perspective of the underlying physical phenomena."