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This compendium reproduces all currently effective federal and state legislation, as well as federal court decisions, regarding bilingual education. States are found to fall into one of four categories: (1) those that mandate instruction in English only for public and nonpublic schools (five states); (2) those that mandate English-only instruction for public schools only (two states); (3) those that have no bilingual or English-only provisions (twelve states); and (4) those that have bilingual provisions or that mandate bilingual education (thirty-one states). (JB)
This book fills a gap in the literature of the politics of bilingual education in the United States: the role of the legislative branch of the national government in the passage of the 1968 Bilingual Education Act and its aftermath. The issues examined in this book include the type of environment in which the bilingual education debate emerged, the positions of the competing factions that lobbied Congress, the roles played by the legislative branch, and the end result.
This report was prepared for submission to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. It reviews the California State Department of Education's administration of state and federally funded bilingual programs and identifies specific Department policies and practices that may affect the success of district-level programs for language-minority students. Following introductory and background material on the Advisory Committee, populations, programs and legislation, the bulk of the report deals with the following: (1) the California State Department of Education's monitoring responsibilities; (2) recent developments in the Department of Education; (3) impact of the legislature; (4) findings and conclusions; and (5) recommendations. The basic finding is that the Department of Education has failed to ensure that California's non- and limited-English-speaking students receive equal educational opportunities. The report offers 20 recommendations dealing with a survey of the population in question, services for the state's language-minority students, Department coordination and personnel, bilingual project onsite reviews, enforcement, and legislative review of the Department's administration. Three appendices provide relevant population and program data. (CFM).
The purpose of this hearing was to obtain the input of California citizens on federal legislation similar to 1998's California Bilingual Education ballot initiative. Present were Representatives Frank Riggs (chair), Bobby Scott, Randy Cunningham, Bob Filner, and Brian Bilbray. Offering testimony generally in support of bilingual education, or at least the option of it, were Dr. Eugene Garcia, Dean of the Graduate School of Education at the University of California at Berkeley; and Celia Ruiz, an attorney representing four California school districts. Dr. Garcia based his support for bilingual education on the conclusions of a number of government and academic studies showing overall positive effects of bilingual education. Ms. Ruiz focused her testimony not on the merits or drawbacks of bilingual education but on a defense of the legal process that federal law has created to allow school districts to choose from a range of educational options, from English immersion to long-term bilingual education programs. Cathy Liska, a teacher from Anaheim, California, and George S. Louie, a parent of a child placed in a bilingual education setting from Oakland, California, spoke against bilingual education. Mr. Louie's child had very negative experiences. Ms. Liska's experience as an elementary school teacher with first-hand classroom experience of bilingual education has convinced her it does not serve limited-English-speaking students well and should be ended. (KFT)
Dual language education is a program that combines language minority and language majority students for instruction through two languages. This book provides the conceptual background for the program and discusses major implementation issues. Research findings summarize language proficiency and achievement outcomes from 8000 students at 20 schools, along with teacher and parent attitudes.