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Since the 1930s, governments have overcome recessions by borrowing and spending to temporarily replace lost consumer and business spending. What happens when they can't do it anymore? In Beyond the Keynesian Endpoint , PIMCO Executive VP Tony Crescenzi offers a sobering tour of today's unprecedented global sovereign debt crisis.
Economics is a science that can contribute substantial powerful and fresh insights! This book collects essays by leading academics that evaluate the scholarly importance of contemporary economic ideas and concepts, thus providing valuable knowledge about the present state of economics and its progress. This compilation of short essays helps readers interested in economics to identify 21st century economic ideas that should be read and remembered. The authors state their personal opinion on what matters most in contemporary economics and reveal its fascinating and creative sides.
Building upon foundational and groundbreaking economic theory, Alvarado offers a view of the world based on hard facts and reality, rather than the simplified versions proffered by ideological agendas. The real-world functioning of assets, credit, money, and banking are brought to bear, rather than scare stories intended to frighten one into various forms of political action.
What happens now? Economics in an age when fiscal stimulus can’t be funded and no longer works. After Lehman fell, the scope of the financial crisis became so great that only the fiscal and monetary authorities possessed balance sheets large enough to resolve it. But if the U.S. is backing its financial system, who’s backing the U.S.? Practically, nations have reached “the Keynesian Endpoint”: No more balance sheets are left to support either economic activity or the financial system.
How have the most influential political economists of the past three centuries theorized about sovereign borrowing and shaped its now widespread use? That important question receives a comprehensive answer in this original work, featuring careful textual analysis and illuminating exhibits of public debt empirics since 1700. Beyond its value as a definitive, authoritative history of thought on public debt, this book rehabilitates and reintroduces a realist perspective into a contemporary debate now heavily dominated by pessimists and optimists alike.
The idea of Christian America is a disputed one. Those who affirm it marshal a vast body of evidence in support, while those who dispute it have at their command an equally formidable arsenal of facts and documentation. How is the truth of the matter to be settled? Indubitably, the United States was founded in continuity with the Christian, common-law heritage from the mother country. This stands in shrill contrast with the Revolutionary regime in France, the leading idea of which was the overthrow of received institutions. America at its founding represented, in the pregnant characterization of R. J. Rushdoony, “a Protestant feudal restoration,” for “its origins are Christian and Augustinian, deeply rooted in Reformation, medieval and patristic history” (This Independent Republic, p. vii.). But in saying this, has all been said? Obviously there is also discontinuity with the Christian past. In the founding documents, whether the Declaration of Independence or the Constitution, there is no provision for an established church. Neither is there any recognition of the Christian religion. There is no acknowledgement of divine right. There is the Constitution’s “We the People” as a self-referencing authority, and a provision (Art. VI, §. 3) that “no religious test” would be required for “any Office or public Trust”; there is the Declaration’s passing acknowledgement of “Nature’s God,” of “their Creator,” an appeal to “the Supreme Judge of the world” in the dispute, in which “a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence” is expressed. Any good monotheist, Unitarian, Deist could affirm as much. Was this an oversight? Was it deference to those states the constitutions and institutions of which did include specifically Christian acknowledgements and arrangements? Or was it deliberate? To answer that question, this book delves deeply into the legal-philosophical underpinnings of the new nation and exposes those underpinnings to a thorough analysis and critique. It then shows how this set of understandings has run right through the various institutions of the American order. And it shows how it is that precisely these philosophical, and ultimately religious, foundations are the Trojan Horse which has wreaked havoc on our country.
The euro was generally considered a success in its first decade. Nevertheless, the “unanticipated” financial crisis in the summer of 2007 has developed gradually into the worst global economic crisis in post-war economic history and a sovereign debt crisis, calling into question the endurance of positive externalities under the current form of European economic integration. The experience of double-dip recessions in the core of the euro-area and the occurrence of a deflationary spiral in its southern periphery brings into question the wisdom of fiscal consolidation via austerity in the adjustment programmes adopted to exit the crisis. They also put into doubt the adequacy and efficiency of the European Economic and Monetary Union’s core elements, its political instruments and macroeconomic assumptions, as can be seen in the role of the Stability and Growth Pact and the stance of the European Central Bank. The title of this collective volume refers to the country where the European sovereign debt crisis began, while its contents concentrate on the extent to which this crisis should be a national or a European concern. Moreover, the focus on Greece stimulates discussion about the neglected factor of the shadow economy and the potential to boost government revenue through its successful transfer to the formal economy. The chapters address the inefficiencies of both euro-area institutions and policies adopted to exit the current predicament. Experts from several disciplines review the literature and critically evaluate the existence of issues such as contagion effects, domino effects, deflationary spirals, institutional efficiency and the reality of the option to exit the euro-area.
A Washington Post Notable Nonfiction Book for 2011 With the British Industrial Revolution, part of the world's population started to experience extraordinary economic growth—leading to enormous gaps in wealth and living standards between the industrialized West and the rest of the world. This pattern of divergence reversed after World War II, and now we are midway through a century of high and accelerating growth in the developing world and a new convergence with the advanced countries—a trend that is set to reshape the world. Michael Spence, winner of the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, explains what happened to cause this dramatic shift in the prospects of the five billion people who live in developing countries. The growth rates are extraordinary, and continuing them presents unprecedented challenges in governance, international coordination, and ecological sustainability. The implications for those living in the advanced countries are great but little understood. Spence clearly and boldly describes what's at stake for all of us as he looks ahead to how the global economy will develop over the next fifty years. The Next Convergence is certain to spark a heated debate how best to move forward in the post-crisis period and reset the balance between national and international economic interests, and short-term fixes and long-term sustainability.
Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book. Sample Book Insights: #1 The bond market has had a profound impact on global economic activity, national standards of living, asset prices, and the political landscape. The market is inherently vulnerable to any type of stress, and its effects are still felt today. #2 The bond market affects the global economy, financial markets, and people’s lives. I will show you how to unlock the power of the bond market by investing in bonds or by gaining a greater understanding of how the bond market’s behavior could be impacting your life. #3 The bond market is the dog that wags the tail. The bond market and, more specifically, the interest rate levels and credit conditions that are affected by the bond market significantly influence the performance of the financial markets and the economy. #4 The bond market is where interest rates are set. The interest rate levels quoted on a myriad of loans, credit cards, savings accounts, money market funds, and the like are all linked to the bond market.
The 1970s were a pivotal decade for the US economy: deindustrialization broke the power of the labor unions and made possible the redistribution of income in favor of corporate profits; globalization and offshore investments opened alternatives to domestic nonfinancial capital accumulation; domestic productivity growth declined; and labor-saving technology empowered superstar corporations to rapidly gain market share. This book argues that the persistent fall in profitability, leading to the stagflation crisis, was a direct result of the transition from the Fordist phase of capital accumulation, based on large-scale manufacturing, to the neoliberal phase and the rising power of finance. Neoliberalism restored the power of rentiers but not the profit rates of nonfinancial corporations. Falling accumulation rates weakened the growth capacity of nonfinancial corporate firms and secular stagnation became the norm. Neo-Keynesian economists, Larry Summers and Paul Krugman, explained the persistence of secular stagnation with arguments borrowed from Alvin Hansen in the 1930s, such as the declining birth rate or the falling relative prices of investment goods, hence a shortfall of demand. In the Classical paradigm, profitability drives capital accumulation and falling profitability slows down growth. As the accumulation rate declined and the capacity growth diminished, breakdowns in supply links, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, prevented large infusions of purchasing power to find matching levels of supply, hence the stagflation crisis returned. The book will be a great asset to researchers and scholars interested in the development of Classical Political Economy concerning issues related to inflation, stagnation, growing inequality, and the next phase of neoliberalism.