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Written especially for psychometricians, scale developers, and practitioners interested in applications of Bayesian estimation and model checking of item response theory (IRT) models, this book teaches you how to accomplish all of this with the SAS MCMC Procedure, Because of its tutorial structure, Bayesian Analysis of Item Response Theory Models Using SAS will be of immediate practical use to SAS users with some introductory background in IRT models and the Bayesian paradigm. Working through this book's examples, you will learn how to write the PROC MCMC programming code to estimate various simple and more complex IRT models, including the choice and specification of prior distributions, specification of the likelihood model, and interpretation of results. Specifically, you will learn PROC MCMC programming code for estimating particular models and ways to interpret results that illustrate convergence diagnostics and inferences for parameters, as well as results that can be used by scale developers—for example, the plotting of item response functions. In addition, you will learn how to compare competing IRT models for an application, as well as evaluate the fit of models with the use of posterior predictive model checking methods. Numerous programs for conducting these analyses are provided and annotated so that you can easily modify them for your applications.
First thorough treatment of multidimensional item response theory Description of methods is supported by numerous practical examples Describes procedures for multidimensional computerized adaptive testing
The modeling of item response data is governed by item response theory, also referred to as modern test theory. The eld of inquiry of item response theory has become very large and shows the enormous progress that has been made. The mainstream literature is focused on frequentist statistical methods for - timating model parameters and evaluating model t. However, the Bayesian methodology has shown great potential, particularly for making further - provements in the statistical modeling process. The Bayesian approach has two important features that make it attractive for modeling item response data. First, it enables the possibility of incorpor- ing nondata information beyond the observed responses into the analysis. The Bayesian methodology is also very clear about how additional information can be used. Second, the Bayesian approach comes with powerful simulation-based estimation methods. These methods make it possible to handle all kinds of priors and data-generating models. One of my motives for writing this book is to give an introduction to the Bayesian methodology for modeling and analyzing item response data. A Bayesian counterpart is presented to the many popular item response theory books (e.g., Baker and Kim 2004; De Boeck and Wilson, 2004; Hambleton and Swaminathan, 1985; van der Linden and Hambleton, 1997) that are mainly or completely focused on frequentist methods. The usefulness of the Bayesian methodology is illustrated by discussing and applying a range of Bayesian item response models.
Find guidance on using SAS for multiple imputation and solving common missing data issues. Multiple Imputation of Missing Data Using SAS provides both theoretical background and constructive solutions for those working with incomplete data sets in an engaging example-driven format. It offers practical instruction on the use of SAS for multiple imputation and provides numerous examples that use a variety of public release data sets with applications to survey data. Written for users with an intermediate background in SAS programming and statistics, this book is an excellent resource for anyone seeking guidance on multiple imputation. The authors cover the MI and MIANALYZE procedures in detail, along with other procedures used for analysis of complete data sets. They guide analysts through the multiple imputation process, including evaluation of missing data patterns, choice of an imputation method, execution of the process, and interpretation of results. Topics discussed include how to deal with missing data problems in a statistically appropriate manner, how to intelligently select an imputation method, how to incorporate the uncertainty introduced by the imputation process, and how to incorporate the complex sample design (if appropriate) through use of the SAS SURVEY procedures. Discover the theoretical background and see extensive applications of the multiple imputation process in action. This book is part of the SAS Press program.
This comprehensive Handbook focuses on the most used polytomous item response theory (IRT) models. These models help us understand the interaction between examinees and test questions where the questions have various response categories. The book reviews all of the major models and includes discussions about how and where the models originated, conceptually and in practical terms. Diverse perspectives on how these models can best be evaluated are also provided. Practical applications provide a realistic account of the issues practitioners face using these models. Disparate elements of the book are linked through editorial sidebars that connect common ideas across chapters, compare and reconcile differences in terminology, and explain variations in mathematical notation. These sidebars help to demonstrate the commonalities that exist across the field. By assembling this critical information, the editors hope to inspire others to use polytomous IRT models in their own research so they too can achieve the type of improved measurement that such models can provide. Part 1 examines the most commonly used polytomous IRT models, major issues that cut across these models, and a common notation for calculating functions for each model. An introduction to IRT software is also provided. Part 2 features distinct approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of polytomous IRT models in various measurement contexts. These chapters appraise evaluation procedures and fit tests and demonstrate how to implement these procedures using IRT software. The final section features groundbreaking applications. Here the goal is to provide solutions to technical problems to allow for the most effective use of these models in measuring educational, psychological, and social science abilities and traits. This section also addresses the major issues encountered when using polytomous IRT models in computerized adaptive testing. Equating test scores across different testing contexts is the focus of the last chapter. The various contexts include personality research, motor performance, health and quality of life indicators, attitudes, and educational achievement. Featuring contributions from the leading authorities, this handbook will appeal to measurement researchers, practitioners, and students who want to apply polytomous IRT models to their own research. It will be of particular interest to education and psychology assessment specialists who develop and use tests and measures in their work, especially researchers in clinical, educational, personality, social, and health psychology. This book also serves as a supplementary text in graduate courses on educational measurement, psychometrics, or item response theory.
Containing the papers from the 11th International Conference on Computer Simulation in Risk Analysis and Hazard Mitigation 2018, this book will be of interest to those concerned with all aspects of risk management and hazard mitigation, associated with both natural and anthropogenic hazards. Current events help to emphasise the importance of the analysis and management of risk to planners and researchers around the world. Natural hazards such as floods, earthquakes, landslides, fires and others have always affected human societies. The more recent emergence of the importance of man-made hazards is a consequence of the rapid technological advances made in the last few centuries. The interaction of natural and anthropogenic risks adds to the complexity of the problems. The included papers, presented at the Risk Analysis Conference, cover a variety of topics related to risk analysis and hazard mitigation.
This edited volume gives a new and integrated introduction to item response models (predominantly used in measurement applications in psychology, education, and other social science areas) from the viewpoint of the statistical theory of generalized linear and nonlinear mixed models. It also includes a chapter on the statistical background and one on useful software.
Discover the power of mixed models with SAS. Mixed models—now the mainstream vehicle for analyzing most research data—are part of the core curriculum in most master’s degree programs in statistics and data science. In a single volume, this book updates both SAS® for Linear Models, Fourth Edition, and SAS® for Mixed Models, Second Edition, covering the latest capabilities for a variety of applications featuring the SAS GLIMMIX and MIXED procedures. Written for instructors of statistics, graduate students, scientists, statisticians in business or government, and other decision makers, SAS® for Mixed Models is the perfect entry for those with a background in two-way analysis of variance, regression, and intermediate-level use of SAS. This book expands coverage of mixed models for non-normal data and mixed-model-based precision and power analysis, including the following topics: Random-effect-only and random-coefficients models Multilevel, split-plot, multilocation, and repeated measures models Hierarchical models with nested random effects Analysis of covariance models Generalized linear mixed models This book is part of the SAS Press program.
An Up-to-Date, All-in-One Resource for Using SAS and R to Perform Frequent Tasks The first edition of this popular guide provided a path between SAS and R using an easy-to-understand, dictionary-like approach. Retaining the same accessible format, SAS and R: Data Management, Statistical Analysis, and Graphics, Second Edition explains how to easily perform an analytical task in both SAS and R, without having to navigate through the extensive, idiosyncratic, and sometimes unwieldy software documentation. The book covers many common tasks, such as data management, descriptive summaries, inferential procedures, regression analysis, and graphics, along with more complex applications. New to the Second Edition This edition now covers RStudio, a powerful and easy-to-use interface for R. It incorporates a number of additional topics, including using application program interfaces (APIs), accessing data through database management systems, using reproducible analysis tools, and statistical analysis with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods and finite mixture models. It also includes extended examples of simulations and many new examples. Enables Easy Mobility between the Two Systems Through the extensive indexing and cross-referencing, users can directly find and implement the material they need. SAS users can look up tasks in the SAS index and then find the associated R code while R users can benefit from the R index in a similar manner. Numerous example analyses demonstrate the code in action and facilitate further exploration. The datasets and code are available for download on the book’s website.