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On 13 September 1759, British and French forces fought one of the most decisive battles in history, on the Plains of Abraham outside the Canadian capital, Quebec. The British force decisively routed the French, seizing the city and, ultimately, all of Canada. But the struggle for Quebec was far more than one climactic battle: the campaign involved an immense military and naval operation, an eighteenth-century D-Day. Matthew Ward has researched extensively in archives in Britain and Canada to look at the entire campaign for Quebec, from its inception in Whitehall to its ultimate culmination in Montreal in 1760. He has probed beyond the actions of commanders and generals, to examine the experiences of the campaign for the ordinary soldier and civilian. What emerges is not just a picture of bravery and heroism, but also of a campaign which became increasingly brutal and cruel, both sides resorting to practices such as the routine scalping of enemy dead. It is also a surprising picture of the day-to-day, often mundane, lives of civilians and troops many thousands of miles from home.
The fall of Quebec in 1759 to British forces under James Wolfe led to the ultimate defeat of the French empire in North America. The dramatic battle on the Plains of Abraham not only set the course for the future of Canada; it opened the door to the independence of the American colonies some 20 years later. Stacey's account is regarded as the best ever written. This new edition contains all the text and the pictures of the previous editon, in a smart and generous new format.
*Includes pictures *Explains the development of French and British colonies in the New World *Includes accounts of the fighting *Includes a bibliography for further fighting *Includes a table of contents "[W]e observed the Enemy marching down towards us in three Columns, at 10 they formed their Line of Battle, which was at least six deep, having their Flanks covered by a thick Wood on each Side, into which they threw above 3000 Canadians and Indians, who gauled us much; the Regulars then marched briskly up to us, and gave us their first Fire, at about Fifty Yards Distance, which we did not return, as it was General Wolfe's express Orders not to fire till they came within twenty Yards of us..." - The British Sergeant-Major of Gen. Hopson's Grenadiers On September 13, 1759, a battle was fought on the Plains of Abraham outside the old city of Québec that was one of the turning point battles in world history. Thanks to the British victory and the events that followed, Canada went from being a colony of France (New France) to being a colony of Great Britain, which permanently changed Canadian history. In many ways, the outcome of the battle brought about several American attempts to seize Canada during the Revolutionary War and War of 1812, and ultimately it ensured that when Canada became an independent country, it was part of the British Commonwealth with an Anglophone majority and a Francophone minority. Frictions over cultural and political issues between the English Canadians and the Québécois, dating back to the battle, continue to impact the state of affairs in Canada today. While the battle had a profound impact, it has also been romanticized and mythologized beyond even epic proportions. Though often forgotten today (more than 250 years after the battle), the Battle of the Plains of Abraham was the culmination of a long siege, and the decisive action itself was an incredibly short affair at less than half an hour. Despite that brevity, both commanding generals were mortally wounded in the exchange, making British General James Wolfe a national hero on both sides of the Atlantic and French General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm a convenient scapegoat. Only a few thousand soldiers were engaged on each side, and the battle ended with less than 1,500 casualties combined. Regardless, the French were compelled to quit Quebec after the battle, giving up one of their most important colonial possessions in the New World, and when the fighting ended in North America in 1760, the British still held the city. When the Seven Years War ended on the European continent, the subsequent treaty forced the French to cede most of their North American possessions to the British, and it also left Britain in tough economic straits, which would set about a chain of events that brought about the American Revolution in the following decade. The 1759 Battle of Quebec: The History and Legacy of Britain's Most Important Victory of the French & Indian War looks at the campaign that culminated with the pivotal battle of the French & Indian War. Along with pictures of important people, places, and events, you will learn about the Battle of Quebec like never before, in no time at all.
The capture of the town of Quebec by British forces under James Wolfe in 1759 brought about the ultimate British victory in the contest with France for dominance. The author offers new important evidence and answers questions for the reader in terms of tactics and decision making.
What a scene!' wrote Horace Walpole. 'An army in the night dragging itself up a precipice by stumps of trees to assault a town and attack an enemy strongly entrenched and double in numbers!' In one short sharp exchange of fire Major-General James Wolfe's men tumbled the Marquis de Montcalm's French army into bloody ruin. Sir John Fortescue famously described it as the 'most perfect volley ever fired on a battlefield'. In this book Stuart Reid details how one of the British Army's consummate professionals literally beat the King's enemies before breakfast and in so doing decided the fate of a continent.
When the Seven Years War ended on the European continent, the subsequent treaty forced the French to cede most of their North American possessions to the British, and it also left Britain in tough economic straits, which would set about a chain of events that brought about the American Revolution in the following decade. This book lets you know the campaign that culminated with the pivotal battle of the French & Indian War. Along with pictures of important people, places, and events, you will learn about the Battle of Quebec like never before, in no time at all.
The Battle of Quebec in 1759 was one of the most decisive engagements of early North American history and resulted in changing the political landscape of the world for over 200 years. At the time France was the dominant land power in the western world with over 250,000 soldiers under arms. France faced no peer rival that could reasonably expect to defeat its Army in a direct confrontation. Britain, historically antagonistic towards France, maintained only a small standing Army and was of limited threat to France's worldwide dominion. Thus, in order to establish an unchallenged worldwide trading empire and to allow for colonial expansion, Britain formulated a strategy to defeat France without direct confrontation on the European continent. Britain maintained a substantial Navy, which provided its Army with significant strategic mobility. The British strategy called for execution of numerous small-scale contingencies around the world, which would cause France to commit both resources and personnel. With France over-committed and embroiled in numerous worldwide contingencies, Britain could then attack the French strategic center of gravity in North America: the city of Quebec.
The Battle of Quebec in 1759 was one of the most decisive engagements of early North American history and resulted in changing the political landscape of the world for over 200 years. At the time France was the dominant land power in the western world with over 250,000 soldiers under arms. France faced no peer rival that could reasonably expect to defeat its Army in a direct confrontation. Britain, historically antagonistic towards France, maintained only a small standing Army and was of limited threat to France's worldwide dominion. Thus, in order to establish an unchallenged worldwide trading empire and to allow for colonial expansion, Britain formulated a strategy to defeat France without direct confrontation on the European continent. Britain maintained a substantial Navy, which provided its Army with significant strategic mobility. The British strategy called for execution of numerous small-scale contingencies around the world, which would cause France to commit both resources and personnel. With France over-committed and embroiled in numerous worldwide contingencies, Britain could then attack the French strategic center of gravity in North America: the city of Quebec.