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Five distinguished scholars here summarize the state of current knowledge about ancient Egyptian temples and the rituals associated with their use. The first volume in English to survey the major types of Egyptian temples from the Old Kingdom to the Roman period, it offers a unique perspective on ritual and its cultural significance. The authors perceive temples as loci for the creative interplay of sacred space and sacred time. They regard as unacceptable the traditional division of the temples into the categories of "mortuary" and "divine", believing that their functions and symbolic representations were, at once, too varied and too intertwined. Both informative to scholars and accessible to students, the book combines descriptions of specific temples with new insights into their development and purposes.
Large state temples in ancient Egypt were vast agricultural estates, with interests in mining, trading, and other economic activities. The temple itself served as the mansion or palace of the deity to whom the estate belonged, and much of the ritual in temples was devoted to offering a representative sample of goods to the gods. After ritual performances, produce was paid as wages to priests and temple staff and presented as offerings to private mortuary establishments. This redistribution became a daily ritual in which many basic necessities of life for elite Egyptians were produced. This book evaluates the influence of common temple rituals not only on the day to day lives of ancient Egyptians, but also on their special events, economics, and politics. Author Katherine Eaton argues that a study of these daily rites ought to be the first step in analyzing the structure of more complex societal processes.
The oldest substantial body of religious texts from ancient Egypt consists of the Pyramid Texts. These are hieroglyphic religious texts inscribed upon the interior walls of the pyramid tombs of kings and queens beginning around 2345 BCE. This book explores the Pyramid Texts.
This groundbreaking study catalogs Seti I's monuments and restorations, shedding new light on the internal chronology and history of the reign, the royal succession in the early Nineteenth Dynasty, the extent of Seti's building program and its place in history.
M. Abdelrahiem: The Festival Court of the Temple of Ramesses II at Abydos (Part I). K. H. Awad: Zwei Totengedenksteine des späten Mittleren Reiches im Louvre. H. Beinlich: Das Wiener Relief L1. A. Bettum: Dismutenibtes and Aaiu. Two 25th Dynasty Coffins in Oslo. F. Breyer: Thutmosis III. und die Hethiter. Bemerkungen zum Kurustama-Vertrag sowie zu anatolischen Toponymen und einer hethitischen Lehnübersetzung in den Annalen Thutmosis' III. G. P. F. Broekman: Libyan Rule Over Egypt. The Influence of the Tribal Background of the Ruling Class on Political Structures and Developments during the Libyan Period in Egypt. R. Bußmann: Der Kult für die Königsmutter Anchenes-Merire I. im Tempel des Chontamenti. Zwei unpublizierte Türstürze der 6. Dynastie aus Abydos. R. Gundacker: Königliche Pyramidentexte im Mittleren Reich? Zur Herkunft und zu einigen Besonderheiten der Pyramidentexte Sesostrisanchs. S. Herrmann: Landestypische Krankheiten in der Description de l'Égypte. J. M. Iskander: The Lintel of Ptahemheb in Cairo Museum (TR 22/3/25/10). J. E. Jay: Parallelism in the Correspondence between Senwosret I and Sinuhe. J. Kahl / M. El-Khadragy / U. Verhoeven / S. Prell / I. Eichner / Th. Beckh: The Asyut Project: Seventh Season of Fieldwork (2009). D. Klotz: Emhab versus the tmrhtn: Monomachy and the Expulsion of the Hyksos. B. Lurson: Nouveaux éléments sur la décoration et l'architecture du temple contigu au Ramesseum. E.-E. Morgan: Ägyptische Ohrenstelen. Fragen und Antworten. R. Nutz: Zur ideologischen Verortung von T -ntr und Punt. M. Nuzzolo: The V Dynasty Sun Temples Personnel. An overview of titles and cult practise through the epigraphic evidence. D. Stefanovic: The Late Middle Kingdom stela of the staff of provisioning sector (sn') (Musées d'art et d'histoire, Genève 6875). Ch. Theis: Die Pyramiden der Ersten Zwischenzeit. Nach philologischen und archäologischen Quellen. D. Topmann: PT-Sequenzen in Spruch 885 der Sargtexte. S. Uljas: Archaeology of Language. A Case Study from Middle Kingdom/Second Intermediate Period Egypt and Nubia.
This volume deals with the origins and rise of Christian pilgrimage cults in late antique Egypt. Part One covers the major theoretical issues in the study of Coptic pilgrimage, such as sacred landscape and shrines' catchment areas, while Part Two examines native Egyptian and Egyptian Jewish pilgrimage practices. Part Three investigates six major shrines, from Philae's diverse non-Christian devotees to the great pilgrim center of Abu Mina and a Thecla shrine on its route. Part Four looks at such diverse pilgrims' rites as oracles, chant, and stational liturgy, while Part Five brings in Athanasius's and an anonymous hagiographer's perspectives on pilgrimage in Egypt. The volume includes illustrations of the Abu Mina site, pilgrims' ampules from the Thecla shrine, as well as several maps.
This volume presents a series of papers delivered at a two-day session of the Theban Workshop held at the British Museum in September 2003. Due to its political and religious prominence throughout much of pharaonic history, the region of ancient Thebes offers scholars a wealth of monuments whose physical remains and extant iconography may be combined with textual sources and archaeological finds in ways that elucidate the function of sacred space as initially conceived, and which also reveal adaptations to human need or shifts in cultural perception. The contributions herein address issues such as the architectural framing of religious ceremony, the implicit performative responses of officiants, the diachronic study of specific rites, the adaptation of sacred space to different uses through physical, representational, or textual alteration, and the development of ritual landscapes in ancient Thebes.
Although Egyptian tombs and funerary texts have been intensively studied, attention has been focused on art historical aspects, archaeological documentation and theological content. Attention for the relationship between burial practices and society has been restricted. The symposium of which this volume presents the proceedings is an attempt to show the scientific potential of the sociology of burial. The underlying philosophy is that both archaeological and textual sources are ultimately reflections of one social reality. Therefore, the volume offers contributions by archaeologists and philologists, many of which frequently bridge the gap between the two disciplines. Bourriau studies the evolution of body position in burials dating between the late Middle Kingdom and early New Kingdom. Delrue reviews a recent interpretation of the predynastic cemetery N7000 at Naga ed-Deir. Fitzenreiter studies the sociological background of ritual scenes in Old Kingdom mastabas. Frandsen's analysis touches upon funerary texts touching on substances inside the body which are considered bwt (taboo). The point of departure for Muller's study is a group of offering deposits at Tell el-dab'a which are studied in the light of textual information on ritual practice. Seidlmayer argues that burial contexts of the First Intermediate Period at Elephantine reflect the same underlying ideas as contemporary tomb scenes. Willems' commentary of Coffin Texts spells 30-41 interprets these texts as a coherent mortuary liturgy and discusses the context in which the letters to the dead were transmitted to the deceased.