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As other vehicle systems have become more refined, more attention must be placed on brake NVH issues because they can cause a negative customer experience. From the laboratory to the road, the use of technology as well as further study by engineers is helping to lessen noise, judder, and vibration in cars. This book provides readers with a fundamental understanding of current practices for measuring and testing brake NVH. From coverage of basic definitions and concepts to in-depth analysis of on-road testing procedures, it will serve as a comprehensive reference guide for brake test technicians, test engineers, lab managers, and others who work on making brakes quieter, smoother, more refined, and more reliable. Readers will learn how to test for brake noise, what tools to use, and which recent standards and practices have led to the successful measurement of brake noise and vibration. Topics covered include: • Common brake noise and vibration issues • Instrumentation, transducers, and other technical details • Measurement practice for laboratory and on-road testing • Brake pad damping and natural frequencies • Current trends in brake noise and vibration measurements
As new applications are developed and plastics replace traditional materials in a widening spectrum of existing applications, the potential personal injury, property damage, financial and legal consequences of failure can be high. However, nearly half of plastics failure can be traced back to the original specification and selection of the material. This book gives engineers the data they need to make an informed decision about the materials they use in their products, imparting a thorough knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of the various materials to choose from. The data also suggests other candidate materials which the reader may not have originally considered. More than 30,000 thermoplastics grades are grouped into circa. 300 subfamilies, within which over 20 properties are assessed. The abundance or scarcity of a material and its cost are also often important deciding factors. In this book, an economical overview of the plastics industry helps clarify the actual consumption and costs of thermoplastics including bioplastic, and the relationship of cost vs. performance is also examined for each thermoplastic subfamily. Immediate and long-term common properties are reviewed, including mechanical behavior, impact, thermal properties, and many more. Environmental considerations are also covered, including ease of recycling and sustainability. - Helps engineers to implement a systematic approach to material selection in their work - Includes more than 300 subfamilies of thermoplastic, and a wide range of properties including chemical resistance, thermal degradation, creep and UV resistance - Evaluates cost/performance relations and environmental considerations
A Practical Guide to Plastics Sustainability: Concept, Solutions, and Implementation is a groundbreaking reference work offering a broad, detailed and highly practical vision of the complex concept of sustainability in plastics. The book's aim is to present a range of potential pathways towards more sustainable plastics parts and products, enabling the reader to further integrate the idea of sustainability into their design process. It begins by introducing the context and concept of sustainability, discussing perceptions, drivers of change, key factors, and environmental issues, before presenting a detailed outline of the current situation with types of plastics, processing, and opportunities for improved sustainability. Subsequent chapters focus on the different possibilities for improved sustainability, offering a step-by-step technical approach to areas including design, properties, renewable plastics, and recycling and re-use. Each of these pillars are supported by data, examples, analysis and best practice guidance. Finally, the latest developments and future possibilities are considered. - Approaches the idea of sustainability from numerous angles, offering practical solutions to improve sustainability in the development of plastic components and products - Explains how sustainability can be applied across plastics design, materials selection, processing, and end of life, all set alongside socioeconomic factors - Considers key areas of innovation, such as eco-design, novel opportunities for recycling or re-use, bio-based polymers and new technologies
This manual provides direction for the preparation of noise and vibration sections of environmental documents for mass transportation projects. The manual has been developed in the interest of promoting quality and uniformity in assessments. It is expected to be used by people associated with or affected by the urban transit industry, including Federal Transit Administration (FTA) staff, grant applicants, consultants and the general public. Each of these groups has an interest in noise/vibration assessment, but not all have the need for all the details of the process. Consequently, this manual has been prepared to serve readers with varying levels of technical background and interests. It sets forth the basic concepts, methods and procedures for documenting the extent and severity of noise impacts from transit projects.
Railway Noise and Vibration: Mechanisms, Modelling, and Means of Control, 2nd Edition provides a complete overview of the state of the art in rail noise and vibration theory and modelling. This book describes each source of noise and vibration, such as rolling noise, curve squeal, bridge noise, aerodynamic noise, ground vibration and ground-borne noise, and vehicle interior noise in a systematic way, covering relevant theoretical modelling approaches and their practical implementation, with extensive examples of noise control technology applied at source. Noise and vibration are key obstacles to further development of railway networks worldwide for high-speed intercity traffic, freight and suburban metros and light-rail systems. With noise problems all too often dealt with inefficiently due to a lack of understanding of the problem, this new edition is an invaluable reference for all those working with noise and vibration from railways, whether in industry, consultancy, or academic research. • Introduces theoretical modelling approaches for each source in a tutorial fashion• Discusses the theoretical basis and practical applications of railway noise control technology, summarising the latest research and key findings from recent decades in one concise resource• Updated with new prediction models and methods, including more detail on ground vibration and aerodynamic noise
Beginning in 1985, one section is devoted to a special topic