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Better designed and implemented fiscal regimes for oil, gas, and mining can make a substantial contribution to the revenue needs of many developing countries while ensuring an attractive return for investors, according to a new policy paper from the International Monetary Fund. Revenues from extractive industries (EIs) have major macroeconomic implications. The EIs account for over half of government revenues in many petroleum-rich countries, and for over 20 percent in mining countries. About one-third of IMF member countries find (or could find) resource revenues “macro-critical” – especially with large numbers of recent new discoveries and planned oil, gas, and mining developments. IMF policy advice and technical assistance in the field has massively expanded in recent years – driven by demand from member countries and supported by increased donor finance. The paper sets out the analytical framework underpinning, and key elements of, the country-specific advice given. Also available in Arabic: ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????????: ??????? ???????? Also available in French: Régimes fiscaux des industries extractives: conception et application Also available in Spanish: Regímenes fiscales de las industrias extractivas: Diseño y aplicación
The Congressional Record is the official record of the proceedings and debates of the United States Congress. It is published daily when Congress is in session. The Congressional Record began publication in 1873. Debates for sessions prior to 1873 are recorded in The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States (1789-1824), the Register of Debates in Congress (1824-1837), and the Congressional Globe (1833-1873)
Exploring and illuminating the complexities of Australia's anti avoidance provisions in a lucid and meticulous work of scholarship is no small feat, and I know your book will quickly become an indispensable reference on the subject. Your book helps us narrow any gap in the views of reasonable people as to the application of these provisions. For this we are appreciative of your insightful work -- Michael D'Ascenzo, Commissioner of TaxationThe potential application of the general anti-tax avoidance provisions is an indispensable aspect of general commercial and domestic life, professional practice and professional advice. Daily commercial transactions frequently require consideration of whether the tax avoidance provisions may have been invoked. Normal family dealings often require consideration of whether the tax avoidance provisions have been triggered. Tax Avoidance in Australia provides a practical explanation of the workings of the main general tax avoidance provisions in Australia for income tax (Part IVA) and GST (Division 165). The explanation is placed in the context of the perceived deficiencies with the previous provisions and the elusive nature of the distinction between impermissible tax avoidance and permissible tax planning. In that context the book explains each of the elements necessary for the application of the anti-avoidance provisions and looks at how the provisions have been interpreted and applied by the Courts and by the Commissioner. The book also looks at the obligations upon advisers and the potential liability they face when advising upon or acting for taxpayers. Every legal and accounting professional advising on tax and commercial matters will find this book a rich and useful resource through which to navigate the complex provisions that make up the general anti-tax avoidance rules.
Modern tax administrations seek to optimize tax collections while minimizing administration costs and taxpayer compliance costs. Experience shows that voluntary compliance is best achieved through a system of self-assessment. Many tax administrations have introduced self-assessment principles in the income tax law but the legal authority is not being consistently applied. They continue to rely heavily on “desk” auditing a majority of tax returns, while risk management practices remain largely underdeveloped and/or underutilized. There is also plenty of opportunity in many countries to enhance the design and delivery of client-focused taxpayer service programs, and better engage with the private sector and other stakeholders.