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In an attempt to discover the one-idea with respect to which Goethe claimed he had worked while writing Die Wahlverwandtschaften, taking my cue from Goethe himself, I have united the investigational techniques of hermeneutics and complexity or chaos theory and brought them to bear on the structure of several of the mirroring events in the text. The overwhelming conclusion of this author is that, like those investigating chaos in nature, literary theorists must turn to comprehensive approaches if they wish to treat seriously the structure of texts as works which flow from nature: the nature of the human mind.
Scholars have long studied the impact of Charles Darwin’s writings on nineteenth-century culture. However, few have ventured to examine the precursors to the ideas of Darwin and others in the Romantic period. Marking Time, edited by Joel Faflak, analyses prevailing notions of evolution by tracing its origins to the literary, scientific, and philosophical discourses of the long nineteenth century. The volume’s contributors revisit key developments in the history of evolution prior to The Origin of Species and explore British and European Romanticism’s negotiation between the classic idea of a great immutable chain of being and modern notions of historical change. Marking Time reveals how Romantic and post-Romantic configurations of historical, socio-cultural, scientific, and philosophical transformation continue to exert a profound influence on critical and cultural thought.
Applies postmodern theory to the working assumptions and consequent practices of therapy in various disciplines, from clinical psychology to schooling.
Aan de totstandkoming van dit LIBER AMICORUM werkten een aantal personen uit het bereik van verschillende wetenschappelijke disciplines mee, die als verenigend element de persoon en het veld van belangstelling van de jubilaris hebben. Moge deze gecombineerde publicatie van mensen uit verschillende landen en werelddelen onder het teken van sympatie en wetenschap een bijdrage leveren tot inzicht in en belangstelling voor de opgaven, die de tijd ons stelt. Voor de jubilaris, die op 30 januari 70 jaar werd, vormde de werkzaamheid van het bewustzijn en de funktie ervan in de ontwikkelings geschiedenis van de mensheid een, zo niet het centrale onderwerp van zijn studies, dat men in zijn talrijke publicaties op uiteenlopende terreinen, met de sociologie als verbindend element, steeds vertegenwoordigd vindt. Een overzicht van de werken van de heer Landheer vindt men elders in dit boek, in het volgende komt slechts een enkel ervan ter sprake. Landheers publicaties beginnen bij Plato. In de twintiger jaren schreef hij aIs dissertatie een studie over Plato's ideeen omtrent de Staat: Der Gesellschafts- und Staatsbegriff Platons; Auf der Grundlage seiner Ideenlehre entwickelt. 1 Hij promoveerde hiermee summa cum laude bij Othmar Spann in Wenen. De werken van deze belangrijke geleerde werden kortelings opnieuw uitgegeven. Vit het voorwoord van de studie kan men opmaken hoe de leraar inspirerend op de promovendus heeft gewerkt. Het is een belangrijk, zuiver doordacht en met enthousiasme geschreven boek geworden.
The present volume is the first to address the interrelationship between Goethe’s scientific thought and work, his ideas on art and literary oeuvre, and chaos and complexity theories. The eleven studies assembled in it treat one or more elements or aspects of this interrelationship, ranging from basic concepts all the way to a model of an aesthetic-scientific methodology. In the process, the authors scrutinize chaos and complexity both as motif and motor of literary texts and nature within various contexts of past and present. The volume should be of interest to literary scholars, scientists, and philosophers of science, indeed, to all those who are interested in the continuities between the humanities and sciences, culture and nature.
Originally published in 1980, this book examines the nature and significance of Classicism as a literary phenomenon and relates the beginnings of the German variety to the search for a national identity in the circumstances of a politically fragmented eighteenth century Germany. It surveys the pre-classical scene, traces the intellectual currents and the literary forms and material which Classicism was to synthesise, and presents its theoretical basis. The major works of Goethe and Schiller in the decade of their partnership are analysed. Their response to political events is placed in the contemporary context and the divergences which challenge Classicism are discussed.
The question of coherence in Goethe's novels, which, like Faust, compelled his attention throughout his creative life, has only recently occupied a few critics. Professor Muenzer's study offers the most comprehensive effort of this kind by examining the problematic nature of self-definition through the four novels and its emergence as a discursive process of the imagination. The self of these texts, Muenzer suggests, evolves as a symbolic construct that records a patter of pursuit for each of their protagonists and orients the reader toward three basic goals of human aspiration. Thus, Werther aspires to purposefulness as a center of teleological fulfillment, while the hero of Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship refers to an ideological center of participation in his social desire. Eduard, in The Elective Affinities, presumes to occupy a center of archaeological power through his typically self-assertive strategies. In the last of his novels, Wilhelm Meister's Journeymanship, Goethe articulates the need to balance all such self-involved behavior with an attitude of self-denial. Apparently, the mind can orient itself through centers of purpose, order, and power, but it must also recognize the illusion of their attainment. Identity does not involve a substantive presence, and the result of self-definition for Goethe is interpretive work. Each of Professor Muenzer's interpretations has been guided by this premise. The interests of all of Goethe's novelistic protagonists, he concludes, "serve as orienting postures toward goals that cannot be literally achieved." Consequently, symbolic resolutions are proposed. These then introduce new problems as points of departure in subsequent works. The hidden agenda of Goethe's work as a novelist is a self that exists as a textual problem, a series of interpretive moves that endlessly defer the attainment of self presence by supplementing each other in narrative fictions.
This collection of essays explores the significance of modern chaos theory as a new paradigm in literary studies and argues for the usefulness of borrowings from one discipline to another. Its thesis is that external reality is real and is not merely a social construct. On the other hand, this volume reflects the belief that literature, as a social and cultural construct, is not unrelated to that external reality. The authors represented here furthermore believe that learning to communicate across disciplinary divides is worth the risk of looking silly to purists and dogmatists. In applying a contemporary scientific grid to a by-gone era, the authors play out Steven Weinberg's exhortation to mind the clues to the past that cannot be obtained in any other way. It is of course necessary to get the science right, yet the essays in this collection do not seek to do science, but rather to suggest that science and literature often share common assumptions and realities. Thus there is no attempt to legitimize literary study through the adoption of a scientific approach. Interaction between the disciplines requires mutual respect and a willingness to investigate the broader implications of scientific research. Consequently, this volume will be of interest to students and scholars of the long eighteenth century whether the focus is on England (Locke, Milton, Radcliffe, Lewis), France (Crébillion, Diderot, Marivaux, Montesquieu) or Germany (Kant, Moritz, Goethe, Fr. Schlegel). Moreover, given its multiple thrust in employing mythological, philosophical, and scientific notions of chaos, this volume will appeal to historians and philosophers of the European Enlightenment as well as to literary historians. The volume ultimately aspires to promote communication across centuries and across disciplines.