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Comparisons were made between African-American women with and without a family history of breast cancer with respect to mammography screening, attitudes towards mammography screening and perceptions of risk and concerns about breast cancer. Screening behavior was similar among both groups with compliance with recent screening exceeding 55%. Women with rather than without a family history expressed less positive and more negative attitudes towards mammography, although both had similarly positive global attitudes towards having mammograms. Attitudes were poor correlates of screening intentions and behaviors. Women with a family history reported higher perceived risk and were more concerned about getting breast cancer than women without a family history. While greater knowledge of breast cancer risk factors predicted heightened risk and concerns about getting breast cancer, overall knowledge was poor. Perceived risk was negatively related to being on schedule and with future intentions to have a mammogram. Women with a family history expressed a greater desire to be tested for breast cancer than women without a family history.
The proportion of mammograms interpreted as abnormal in large screening programs is as high as 15-20%. Thus, if 15% of the 48 million American women 40 years of age or older have mammograms, there would be more than 7 million abnormal mammography results each year. It has been estimated that 30% or more of women with abnormal mammograms fail to comply with follow-up recommendations. This proportion is disparate across racial groups, - such that women from minority populations are less likely to receive follow-up than white women. There is little known about why this disparity exists and a need to find out more in order to decrease the number of black women dying from this disease. This study proposed to look at this existing problem from a new perspective-that of the African American woman. The goal of this study was to improve the rates of follow-up in African American women after an abnormal mammogram result by understanding the variables that predict follow-up and developing an innovative intervention through community input that overcomes obstacles to follow-up. Thirty-nine women were interviewed about their health practices, particularly their knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with mammogram screening. Findings indicate that mot of the women are receiving regular care and are fairly positive about the importance of early detection.
This research project analyzes the relationship between demographic characteristics and social networks of African-American women and their utilization of mammography screening. The concept social network and the Boissevain Model are used to describe and explain the structure of personal networks and interaction patterns in social relationships among African-American women. The primary focus of this study is qualitative research; however, quantitative analysis is used as a supplement to provide comparative descriptive analysis of about white and African-American women who reside in Boone County, Missouri. Quantitative analysis is based on secondary measures from the Boone County Health Report Card Project. Qualitative data collection and analysis was used to understand the influence of social networks on mammography screening. The goal of this research is to understand the cultural meanings and processes that shape breast cancer screening behavior of older African-American women. The cases selected are women over 40 years of age who attend Walnut Church in Columbia, Missouri. Face to Face interviews were conducted with 20 participants. The respondents answered approximately 50 questions in 30 minutes. The results suggest that several factors contribute to African-American women participating in mammography screening services.
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in African-American women. Studies have reported that African-American women with breast cancer are more likely to be diagnosed at a later stage of the disease and have a higher mortality rate than White women. Despite this, African-American women are less likely than White women to avail themselves of the benefits of screening mammography. This is most often attributed to lack of education, lack of access, and low socioeconomic status. However, it has been repeatedly shown that when socioeconomic, educational, and logistic barriers are minimized, African-Americans continue to underutilize these screening procedures. In this study, breast cancer screening behaviors and the factors that influence those behaviors are measured by means of a survey questionnaire distributed to members of a defined population of African-American and White women with comparable levels of education, health care access, and socioeconomic status. This report describes the background, objectives, and procedures of this study, and details the work carried out in Year 01, including selection of the sample, pilot testing, finalizing materials and procedures, creation of the project database, hiring of personnel. and preliminary mailings.
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in African-American women. Studies have reported that African-American women with breast cancer are more likely to be diagnosed at a later stage of the disease and have a higher mortality rate than white women. Despite this, African-American women are less likely than White women to avail themselves of the benefits of screening mammography. This is most often attributed to lack of education, lack of access, and low socioeconomic status. However, it has been repeatedly shown that when socioeconomic, educational, and logistic barriers are minimized, African-Americans continue to underutilize these screening procedures. In this study, breast cancer screening behaviors and the factors that influence those behaviors were measured by means of a survey questionnaire distributed to members of a defined population of African-American and White women with potentially comparable levels of education, health care access, and socioeconomic status. This report describes the background, objectives, and procedures of this study, and details the work carried out in Year 02, including data collection and analysis. A total of 782 usable surveys were returned from female public school teachers in Philadelphia aged 40 and older. White respondents were more likely than African-Americans to be married or cohabiting, and had significantly higher annual household incomes; they were also more likely to have been adherent to mammography guidelines over the previous five years and to say that they would definitely get a mammogram in the next 24 months. African-Americans, by contrast, were more likely than Whites to have practiced regular breast self-examination. When demographic and health- related factors were controlled for, however, no significant effect of race on mammography adherence or intentions was found.
"Breast cancer mortality rates differ among racial/ethnic groups in the United States and currently are about 16% higher in black women than in white women. The reason for this racial/ethnic difference is unknown. Due to the low rate of breast cancer screening practices in this population, an educational program was developed to increase the participants' knowledge about breast cancer, including the need for breast self-examination (BSE) and mammograms. The plan is to increase the awareness of breast cancer in African American women, and access of routine breast screening in collaboration with community-based organizations such as churches, among low-income and uninsured women. This educational program consists of African American women watching a seven minute educational video. The movie is about breast cancer and the importance of early detection, clinical breast examinations by professionals, yearly mammograms, and demonstrates how to perform breast self examination. This educational program will be guided by a systematic process for the change to evidence-based practice. The program will increase the participant's knowledge of breast cancer risks and screening practices among middle-aged African American women. Breast cancer screening offers the greatest potential for reducing deaths in the African American population. Increased knowledge and changing beliefs associated with breast cancer screening are important when attempting to increase mammography and BSE among African American women. Nurses can make a difference in the education and decrease in mortality rate of these women if they recognize how a woman's cultural beliefs and attitudes can adversely affect health promotion and disease prevention behaviors." -- from Introduction.
This study examined barriers and incentives to mammography screening among African American and Caucasian women in the Mississippi Delta. This study sought to identify the most salient barriers and incentives to mammography screening; determine if those barriers and incentives differed by race; and determine if barriers and incentives influenced mammography screening behavior. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The Breast Cancer Screening Measure was administered to 175 African American and Caucasian participants at eight different churches in Leflore County, and at the Mississippi State Capitol in Jackson, Mississippi. The survey measured barriers and incentives to mammography screening as well as breast cancer screening behavior. The study found that fear of breast cancer, perceived benefits of mammograms, and health motivation were the most salient barriers and incentives. It was also determined that African American women were more fearful of breast cancer and more motivated to care for their health when compared to Caucasian women. Finally, there were no differences in screening behavior by race; however, women who were more fearful of breast cancer were likelier to be overdue for a mammogram, and women who were motivated to care for their health more likely to be current. This study's findings have important implications related to the continued need to address psychological barriers to breast cancer screening among "high-risk" women in the Mississippi Delta. Ultimately, the findings may be instrumental in helping future practitioners address fear of breast cancer as a barrier to mammography screening among African American and Caucasian women in rural areas.