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Contents: Atomic Collision Processes; Atomic Physics with Antiprotons; Electron Impact Double Ionization of Ions; On Absorption Spectra of Magnesium-Like Ions: Mgi to Piv; An Optical Potential Approach to the Slow Elastic Electron & Positron Scattering on Atoms; Foundation of Approximative Treatment of the Turning Point In the ADK-Theory; Semiclassical Theory of Two-Electron Systems; Electron Impact Cross Sections For Sodium & Cadmium Atoms: Particle & Laser Beam Interaction with Solids; Optical Characterization of Growth & Interdiffusion Kinetics In Quantum Structures; The Simulation of Energetic Particle Collisions with Solids - A Visual Representation ; Sputter-Induced Erosion of Hard Coatings for Fusion Reactor First-Wall; An Investigation of Ion Beam Mixing In Amorphous Silicon.
The aim of this NATO Advanced Study Institute was to bring together scientists and students working in the field of laser matter interactions in order to review and stimulate developmentoffundamental science with ultra-short pulse lasers. New techniques of pulse compression and colliding-pulse mode-locking have made possible the construction of lasers with pulse lengths in the femtosecond range. Such lasers are now in operation at several research laboratories in Europe and the United States. These laser facilities present a new and exciting research direction with both pure and applied science components. In this ASI the emphasis is on fundamental processes occurring in the interaction of short laser pulses with atoms, molecules, solids, and plasmas. In the case of laser-atom (molecule) interactions, high power lasers provide the first access to extreme high-intensity conditions above 10'8 Watts/em', a new frontier for nonlinear interaction of photons with atoms and molecules. New phenomena observed include multiphoton ionization processes, atomic collisions in the presence of a strong laser field, Coulomb explosion following rapid ionization of a molecule and the production of high harmonics of the laser source. Another important topic reviewed in this ASI is the lasercooling ofatoms.
Proceedings of the 30th Course of the International School of Quantum Electronics on Atoms, Solids and Plasmas in Super-Intense Laser Fields, held 8-14 July, in Erice, Sicily
Work is reported in areas of: (1) Creation of Electronic State Coherences via Laser Assisted Collisions; (2) Collision Effects in Four Wave Mixing and Pump Probe Spectroscopy; (3) Modified Optical Bloch Equations in Solids; (4) Transient Spectra in Atom Field Interactions; (5) Collision Kernels and Transport Coefficients; (6) Collisions in Strong cw and Transient Laser Fields; (7) Quantum vs Classical Description of Laser Fields; (8) Intense Optical Noise Sources; and (9) Laser Assisted Collisions.
Lasers, having proven useful in such diverse areas as high resolution spectroscopy and the guiding of ferryboats, are cur rently enjoying great popularity among materials scientists and engineers. As versatile sources of "pure" energy in a highly concentrated form, lasers have become attractive tools and re search instruments in metallurgy, semiconductor technology and engineering. This text treats, from a physicist's point of view, some of the processes that lasers can induce in materials. The field of laser-material interactions is inherently mul tidisciplinary. Upon impact of a laser beam on a material, electromagnetic energy is converted first into electronic exci tation and then into thermal, chemical and mechanical energy. In the whole process the molecular structure as well as the shape of the material are changed in various ways. Understand ing this sequence of events requires knowledge from several branches of physics. A unified presentation of the subject, for the benefit of the materials researcher as well as the advanced student, is attempted here. In order to keep the book reason ably trim, I have focused on laser effects in solids such as thin films and technological materials. Related topiCS not cov ered are laser-induced chemical reactions in gases and liquids and laser effects in organic or biological materials.
Laser-Beam Interactions with Materials treats, from a physicist's point of view, the wide variety of processes that lasers can induce in materials. Physical phenomena ranging from optics to shock waves are discussed, as are applications in such diverse fields as semiconductor annealing, hole drilling and fusion plasma production. The approach taken emphasizes the fundamental ideas and their interrelations. The newcomer is given the necessary important background material, while the active research worker finds a critical and comprehensive review of the field.
The development of advanced materials with preselected properties is one of the main goals of materials research. Of especial interest are electronics, high-temperature and supemard materials for various applications, as well as alloys with improved wear, corrosion and mechanical resistance properties. The technical challenge connected with the production of these materials is not only associated with the development of new specialised preparation techniques but also with quality control. The energetic charged particle, electron and photon beams offer the possibility of modifying the properties of the near-surface regions of materials without seriously affecting their bulk, and provide unique analytical tools for testing their qUality. This volume includes most of the lectures and contributions delivered at the NATO-funded Advanced Study Institute "Application of Particle and Laser Beams in Materials Technology", which was held in Kallithea, Chalkidiki, in Northern Greece, from the 8th to the 21st of May, 1994 and attended by 73 participants from 21 countries. The aim of this ASI was to provide to the participants an overview of this rapidly expanding field. Fundamental aspects concerning the interactions and collisions on atomic, nuclear and solid state scale were presented in a didactic way, along with the application of a variety of techniques for the solution of problems ranging from the development of electronics materials to corrosion research and from archaeometry to environmental protection.
This Special Issue covers a wide range of topics from fundamental studies to applications of ionized gases. It is dedicated to four topics of interest: 1. ATOMIC COLLISION PROCESSES (electron and photon interactions with atomic particles, heavy particle collisions, swarms, and transport phenomena); 2. PARTICLE AND LASER BEAM INTERACTION WITH SOLIDS (atomic collisions in solids, sputtering and deposition, and laser and plasma interactions with surfaces); 3. LOW TEMPERATURE PLASMAS (plasma spectroscopy and other diagnostic methods, gas discharges, and plasma applications and devices); 4. GENERAL PLASMAS (fusion plasmas, astrophysical plasmas, and collective phenomena). This Special Issue of Atoms will highlight the need for continued research on ionized gas physics in different topics ranging from fundamental studies to applications, and will review current investigations.
The Observation of Atomic Collisions in Crystalline Solids presents a critical account of the more important experiments which have provided the basis for a better understanding of atomic collision phenomena in crystalline solids. Collisions have been divided into two artificial regimes; primary collisions which deal with the interaction of the incident particles with the solid, and secondary collisions which deal with those events which occur as a result of lattice atoms recoiling from primary encounters. Although the book is intended principally for the experimentalist some simple theoretical models have been introduced. It is hoped that the book will provide a useful introduction to the subject of atomic collisions in solids for the post-graduate research student, as well as providing a collection of the most important experimental data for established scientists actively engaged in the field. It is also intended to provide a background for the technologist engaged in such fields as the ion implantation doping of semiconductors.