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This evaluation assesses the development effectiveness of the World Bank's lending and non-lending assistance to the Russian Federation since 1991, a 10-year period of tumultuous political, economic, and social change. This report concludes that an assistance strategy, concentrating on analytical and advisory services with limited financial support for Russia, would have been more appropriate than one involving large volumes of adjustment lending.
This book discusses and dissects the strategies of international institutions and donors to assist it in its economic and political transition to a market economy. Considerable detail is provided on the activities of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the European Bank for Reconstruction, the World Bank, and the European Union in Russia. The book is based on a GAO Report that has been excerpted and augmented by explanatory commentary. A full subject index is provided.
Since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, multilateral organizations and bilateral donors, including the United States, have provided the Russian Federation (Russia) with tens of billions of dollars in economic assistance directed at helping Russia's transition to a market economy within a democratic state. The value of this assistance is difficult to assess, however, since Russia appears to be a long way from having a competitive, market economy, and its transition experience over the past decade has been more difficult than was expected. The approaches used to assist Russia, both in the past and for the future, continue to be debated.
GAO-01-8 Foreign Assistance: International Efforts to Aid Russia's Transition Have Had Mixed Results
This paper examines the effects of three "shocks" - the disintegration of the U.S.S.R., domestic economic reform, and changing relations with other countries- on Russia's balance of payments position. The importance of consistent economic reform and a liberal trade regime is stressed, together with the role of financial assistance.
For almost half a century, the Iron Curtain had separated Americans and Russians by barriers of misunderstanding, suspicion and alienation. The accession of Mikhail Gorbachev to power in the mid-1980s signalled the beginning of a revolutionary stage in American-Soviet relations. In the course of the following two decades Americans and Russians would interact to an extent never anticipated and come to call each other partners, or even friends. The word friendship, however, is often used superficially. This book provides a more profound answer to the question of how, from the American perspective, the image of, and the relationship to, Russia have changed since the former adversary "opened its doors" to the West. Ullmann not only reveals how the American public's attitudes toward Russia or the scope of people-to-people contacts have changed, she also analyses to what extent Americans have been able to learn about Russia in the mass media and to what extent they have been interested in studying Russian culture and language.
Russian history is first and foremost a history of personalized power. As Russia startles the international community with its assertiveness and faces both parliamentary and presidential elections, Lilia Shevtsova searches the histories of the Yeltsin and Putin regimes. She explores within them conventional truths and myths about Russia, paradoxes of Russian political development, and Russia's role in the world. Russia--Lost in Transition discovers a logic of government in Russia--a political regime and the type of capitalism that were formulated during the Yeltsin and Putin presidencies and will continue to dominate Russia's trajectory in the near term. Looking forward as well as back, Shevtsova speculates about the upcoming elections as well as the self-perpetuating system in place--the legacies of Yeltsin and Putin--and how it will dictate the immediate political future. She also explores several scenarios for Russia's future over the next decade.