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Radio-wave hazards, Radio waves, Radiofrequencies, Electromagnetic radiation, Radiation protection, Fire safety, Fire risks, Flammable atmospheres, Flammable materials, Explosive atmospheres, Ignition, Electric sparks, Transmitters, Radio transmitters, Radar transmitters, Antennas, Television transmitters, Communication equipment
Radio-wave hazards, Radio waves, Radiofrequencies, Electromagnetic radiation, Radiation protection, Fire safety, Fire risks, Flammable atmospheres, Flammable materials, Explosive atmospheres, Ignition, Electric sparks, Transmitters, Radio transmitters, Radar transmitters, Antennas, Television transmitters, Communication equipment
Radio-wave hazards, Radio waves, Radiofrequencies, Electromagnetic radiation, Radiation protection, Fire risks, Ignition, Electric sparks, Radio transmitters, Radar transmitters, Fire safety, Flammable atmospheres, Flammable materials, Explosive atmospheres, Transmitters, Antennas, Television transmitters, Communication equipment
This symposium focuses on making the best use of current safety knowledge and avoiding complacency in the chemical and process industries, applying knowledge to emerging industries, and ensuring lessons learned in the old industries are transferred to the new so that the same mistakes are not made again.
Over the last three decades the process industries have grown very rapidly, with corresponding increases in the quantities of hazardous materials in process, storage or transport. Plants have become larger and are often situated in or close to densely populated areas. Increased hazard of loss of life or property is continually highlighted with incidents such as Flixborough, Bhopal, Chernobyl, Three Mile Island, the Phillips 66 incident, and Piper Alpha to name but a few. The field of Loss Prevention is, and continues to, be of supreme importance to countless companies, municipalities and governments around the world, because of the trend for processing plants to become larger and often be situated in or close to densely populated areas, thus increasing the hazard of loss of life or property. This book is a detailed guidebook to defending against these, and many other, hazards. It could without exaggeration be referred to as the "bible" for the process industries. This is THE standard reference work for chemical and process engineering safety professionals. For years, it has been the most complete collection of information on the theory, practice, design elements, equipment, regulations and laws covering the field of process safety. An entire library of alternative books (and cross-referencing systems) would be needed to replace or improve upon it, but everything of importance to safety professionals, engineers and managers can be found in this all-encompassing reference instead. Frank Lees' world renowned work has been fully revised and expanded by a team of leading chemical and process engineers working under the guidance of one of the world’s chief experts in this field. Sam Mannan is professor of chemical engineering at Texas A&M University, and heads the Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center at Texas A&M. He received his MS and Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the University of Oklahoma, and joined the chemical engineering department at Texas A&M University as a professor in 1997. He has over 20 years of experience as an engineer, working both in industry and academia. New detail is added to chapters on fire safety, engineering, explosion hazards, analysis and suppression, and new appendices feature more recent disasters. The many thousands of references have been updated along with standards and codes of practice issued by authorities in the US, UK/Europe and internationally. In addition to all this, more regulatory relevance and case studies have been included in this edition. Written in a clear and concise style, Loss Prevention in the Process Industries covers traditional areas of personal safety as well as the more technological aspects and thus provides balanced and in-depth coverage of the whole field of safety and loss prevention. * A must-have standard reference for chemical and process engineering safety professionals * The most complete collection of information on the theory, practice, design elements, equipment and laws that pertain to process safety * Only single work to provide everything; principles, practice, codes, standards, data and references needed by those practicing in the field
There is a small, but finite, probability that radio frequency currents induced in industrial structures may cause sparking at discontinuities. If a flammable gaseous mixture is present, and if the incident field strength is sufficiently great, an ignition may result, leading to deleterious consequences. There is a demand for soundly based, realistic assessment procedures to estimate the significance of this mode of hazard at sensitive industrial plants. This thesis describes work undertaken to advance understanding of this hazard and to refine assessment procedures. The first three chapters give historical reviews of the hazard and attempts to quantify it, culminating in a procedure proposed by the author. Detailed analyses are presented, on which the proposed procedure is based, particular attention being given to the behaviour of typical industrial structures as unintended receiving, antennas. The succeeding four chapters describe experimental work on one aspect of the hazard: ignition by pulsed microwave sources (e.g. radar). Design of an ignition cell. is considered, and detailed analyses of its performance are presented. The microwave power for the cell was supplied by a radar source and comprehensive instrumentation applied to the circuit, as a result of which detailed observation of the ignition phenomena was possible. These observations are presented and assessments made of the minimum energy absorbed in the ignition of hydrogen, ethylene, methane and propane, each in their most-easily-ignited admixture with air at NTP. The conclusions, the most important of which is that the current widely-accepted value of the minimum ignition energy of hydrogen is too high, are summarised in the final chapter, together with suggestions for further research.