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This letter by physician Edwin Miller Snow provides one of the earliest published accounts of an outbreak of cholera in 19th-century America. Snow's meticulous statistical analysis of the disease's spread and his recommendations for preventing future epidemics make this a valuable document for medical historians. The letter also bears witness to the human suffering and community response that accompanied the cholera outbreak in Providence. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The fourth cholera pandemic of the 19th century began in the Ganges Delta of the Bengal region and traveled with Muslim pilgrims to Mecca. In its first year, the epidemic claimed 30,000 of 90,000 pilgrims. Cholera spread throughout the Middle East and was carried to Russia, Europe, Africa and North America, in each case spreading via travelers from port cities and along inland waterways. The pandemic reached Northern Africa in 1865 and spread to sub-Saharan Africa, killing 70,000 in Zanzibar in 186970. Cholera claimed 90,000 lives in Russia in 1866. The epidemic of cholera that spread with the Austro-Prussian War (1866) is estimated to have taken 165,000 lives in the Austrian Empire, including 30,000 each in Hungary and Belgium, and 20,000 in the Netherlands. In June 1866, a localized epidemic in the East End of London claimed 5,596 lives, just as the city was completing construction of its major sewage and water treatment systems; the East End section was not quite complete. It was also caused by the city's overcrowding in the East End, which helped the disease to spread more quickly in the area. Epidemiologist William Farr identified the East London Water Company as the source of the contamination. Farr made use of prior work by John Snow and others, pointing to contaminated drinking water as the likely cause of cholera in an 1854 outbreak. In the same year, the use of contaminated canal water in local water works caused a minor outbreak at Ystalyfera in South Wales. Workers associated with the company, and their families, were most affected, and 119 died. In 1867, Italy lost 113,000 to cholera, and 80,000 died of the disease in Algeria. Outbreaks in North America in the 1870s killed some 50,000 Americans as cholera spread from New Orleans via passengers along the Mississippi River and to ports on its tributaries.
Excerpt from Statistics and Causes of Asiatic Cholera, as It Prevailed in Providence in the Summer of 1854: Being a Letter Addressed to the Mayor of Providence I avail myself of this occasion to transmit to the Council a Communication addressed to me by Dr. Edwin M. Snow, of this city, together with a certified copy of a Resolution of the Provi dence Medical Association, in relation to that Communication and its subject matter. The importance of the subject of which the Communication treats, and of the facts which it embodies, will doubtless secure for it an early consideration on the part of the Council. That further legislation in regard to this subject will, after proper inquiry, be deemed advisable by the Council, I cannot doubt; especially as it has been recently ascertained that some of the ordinances now nominally in force, giving to the Board of Al dermen certain powers, which some officers or board ought to possess in a city like Providence, are regarded by the Supreme Bench, as repugnant to the Constitution of the State. Inquiry upon this subject, with a view to such amendments of our ordi nances, our charter, or our State laws in relation to the health of the city, as may be found necessary or advisable, I deem it my duty earnestly to recommend. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.