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Edible plants are rich in bioactive compounds that have physiological effects such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Natural plant extracts are frequently used to prolong the shelf life of fresh and processed foods, therefore preserving their quality and safety. Phytochemical studies of extracts and biological activities of various plant organs are also important in the food and human nutrition industries. They have the potential to pave the path for the commercialization of other plants by developing new applications for the food sector. Plant bioactive compounds represent a promising research objective for plant breeders, producers and food processing industries.
This book presents 847 compounds isolated and identified from plants that present antioxidant activity. These substances have been classified by chemical groups and each provides the most relevant information of its pharmacological activity, action mechanism, chemical structure, spectroscopic date and other properties. Chemical structures have been drawn to indicate the stereochemistry. In this handbook, the summary of the scientific information of plants that present biological activity and the compounds responsible for this activity is presented, which introduces the reader to the study of medicinal plants and also providing bibliographic references, where a detailed study of its chemistry and pharmacology can be found. This dictionary will be of great help for pre and post-graduate students, as well as professors, research of the medical industry, who work in some way with isolates bioactive compounds obtained from plants.
This book provides an up-to-date treatment of antioxidant and biocidal compounds mainly from Latin American plants. New antimicrobials, insecticides and antioxidants are compiled in a single source for the first time based on the research and knowledge of several internationally renowned research groups. This book is organized in three sections: Part I provides a general overview and perspectives on antioxidant, medicinal and biocidal plant compounds; Part II provides information on plant antioxidants isolated from a wide range of species; and Part III describes insecticidal, antimicrobial and other biocidal activities based on peptides, phytoecdysteroids, alkaloids, polyphenols, terpenoids and other allelochemicals.
Phenolic compounds, ubiquitous in plants, are of considerable interest and are increasingly becoming a subject of intensive research due to their bioactive properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-mutagenic, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activity. The objective of this research was to determine the antioxidant activity of extracts from selected plant materials, namely Caesalpinia spinosa, Perilla frutescens, Artemisia annua and Viola wittrockiana Gams. Plant material extracts were studied by in vitro methods, such as Total Phenolic Content, the measurement of scavenging capacity against ABTS cation and 15PH radicals, and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Many in vitro methods, such as ABTS, ORAC or FRAP assay, have been developed to evaluate antioxidant activity. Unfortunately, these methods often correlate poorly with the ability to inhibit oxidative deterioration of foods because the in vitro assays do not account for factors such as the physical location of the antioxidant, its interaction with other food components, and environmental conditions. To evaluate accurately the potential of antioxidants in foods, models must be developed that resemble conditions expected in food products. This study outlines model systems for the evaluation of natural antioxidants in two types of food: oil-in-water emulsions and meat model systems. In addition, in all analyzed samples the content of the main phenolic compounds were determine using techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The extract of Caesalpinia spinosa was tested for its antimicrobial effect against some common microorganisms and for growth promoting properties with respect to probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum strain. The results of this research indicate that extracts from the plants studied may be suitable for use as natural food additives.
This new volume focuses on the technology of bioactive compounds and nutraceuticals from fruit and vegetable sources, from cereal grain sources, and from cereal processing by-products. The chapters look at the extraction technologies, analytical techniques, and potential health prospects specifically from fruits and vegetables sources. They cover plants such plantation crops, roots, and tubers, as well as fruit and vegetable processing byproducts. They also consider bioactive compounds and nutraceuticals from major and minor cereal grain sources and from cereal processing byproducts. This new book provides valuable insight for food technologists and those in related areas of research. Bioactive Compounds and Nutraceuticals from Plant Sources: Extraction Technology, Analytical Techniques, and Potential Health Prospects is the companion volume to Bioactive Compounds and Nutraceuticals from Dairy, Marine, and Nonconventional Sources: Extraction Technology, Analytical Techniques, and Potential Health Prospects by the same editors.
Phytochemical compounds are secondary metabolites that plants usually synthesize for their own protection from pests and diseases. Phytochemical biosynthesis is also triggered under specific environmental conditions. They cannot be classified as essential nutrients since they are not required at specific amounts for life sustenance. Phytochemicals in Vegetables: A Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds presents information about the phytochemical (common and scarce) content of several cultivated vegetables, as well as their health and therapeutic effects based on in vitro, in vivo, animal and clinical studies. Chapters also cover recent research findings about their mode of action, bioavailabity, interactions with other biological matrices and pharmacokinetics. Moreover, the book gives special attention to the factors that may alter and modulate bioactive compound content, including both cultivation practices and post-harvest treatments that aim towards the production of high quality and healthy foods. Researchers, public health workers, consumers and members of the food industry will find this book to be a useful reference on the variety of phytochemicals present in vegetables.
Master's Thesis from the year 2015 in the subject Biology - Botany, grade: -, , language: English, abstract: The inhibitory or delaying action of both the synthetic chemicals and naturally occurring phytochemicals against oxidative damage to tissues by free radicals produced in biological system of living organisms is known as antioxidant activity. Since some phytochemicals are responsible for biological as well as medicinal activities, nine wild orchids of Nepal were assessed for total polyphenolics and flavonoids content along with the antioxidant activity. The ethanolic extract of Eria graminifolia pseudobulbs, Gastrochilus acutifolius leaf and root, G. distichus whole plant, Luisia trichorhiza leaf and root, Otochilus albus pseudobulbs, Papillionanthe uniflora whole plant, Pholidota articulata leaf and pseudobulbs, Rhynchostylis retusa leaf, and Trudelia cristata leaf and stem were prepared by Soxhlet extraction. Phytochemicals were detected by previously established protocols with minor modifications. The total flavonoids were estimated with aluminium chloride method and total polyphenolics content with Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent method. Antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay. There was significant variation of total flavonoids, total polyphenolics content and antioxidant activity among the orchid extracts at P = 0.05. The total flavonoids varied with highest in Rhynchostylis retusa leaf (110.68 ± 4.52 mg QE/g) and lowest content in Gastrochilus acutifolius root (22.32 ± 1.10 mg QE/g); total polyphenolics with highest in Trudelia cristata stem (69.68±2.78 mg GAE/g) and lowest content in Gastrochilus acutifolius leaves (11.89±0.64 mg GAE/g). Also, the antioxidant activity varied with highest in Trudelia cristata stem (IC50 79.69 μg/ml) and lowest DPPH radical scavenging activity in Gastrochilus acutifolius leaf (IC50 341.79 μg/ml). However, none of the orchid extracts were as effective as quercetin – the reference compound – in radical scavenging activity (IC50 32.90 μg/ml). Total polyphenolics and flavonoids content and antioxidant activity of selected orchid extracts in this study were higher or lower than medicinal plant and orchid extracts of previous studies with considerable margin. Again, their antioxidant activity was positively associated with total flavonoids and total polyphenolics content. [...]
Chemoprevention of cancer has been the focus of intensive research for more than two decades. Epidemiological evidence has shown a small, but significant association between fruit and vegetable intake and a reduction in cancer risk. Diet may account for about thirty five percent of cancer. Large claims have been made for the effectiveness of particular diets in determining one's risk of developing cancer, ranging from protection against cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. A wide array of dietary components has been demonstrated to be as effective in fighting off cancer. Towards an increased understanding of the nutrition, excercise and diet in preventing cancer or inhibiting its progression has led to the discovery and development of novel and effective drugs that regulate intracellular signaling network in the body. This information will be very useful to explore novel and highly effective chemopreventive strategies for reducing the health burden of cancer. Hippocrates, who proclaimed 25 centuries ago, 'Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food'. They estimated that one third of all cancer cases could be prevented by a healthier diet; statements which are widely accepted in the scientific literature. This book covers the current state-of-the art knowledge on the impact of nutrition and diet with nutrigenetics, nutritional epigenomics, nutritional transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics approach in cancer prevention and therapy.