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Antibiotics represent one of the most successful forms of therapy in medicine. But the efficiency of antibiotics is compromised by the growing number of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Antibiotic resistance, which is implicated in elevated morbidity and mortality rates as well as in the increased treatment costs, is considered to be one of the major global public health threats (www.who.int/drugresistance/en/) and the magnitude of the problem recently prompted a number of international and national bodies to take actions to protect the public (http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/health_consumer/docs/road-map-amr_en.pdf: http://www.who.int/drugresistance/amr_global_action_plan/en/; http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/carb_national_strategy.pdf). Understanding the mechanisms by which bacteria successfully defend themselves against the antibiotic assault represent the main theme of this eBook published as a Research Topic in Frontiers in Microbiology, section of Antimicrobials, Resistance, and Chemotherapy. The articles in the eBook update the reader on various aspects and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. A better understanding of these mechanisms should facilitate the development of means to potentiate the efficacy and increase the lifespan of antibiotics while minimizing the emergence of antibiotic resistance among pathogens.
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Avoiding infection has always been expensive. Some human populations escaped tropical infections by migrating into cold climates but then had to procure fuel, warm clothing, durable housing, and crops from a short growing season. Waterborne infections were averted by owning your own well or supporting a community reservoir. Everyone got vaccines in rich countries, while people in others got them later if at all. Antimicrobial agents seemed at first to be an exception. They did not need to be delivered through a cold chain and to everyone, as vaccines did. They had to be given only to infected patients and often then as relatively cheap injectables or pills off a shelf for only a few days to get astonishing cures. Antimicrobials not only were better than most other innovations but also reached more of the world’s people sooner. The problem appeared later. After each new antimicrobial became widely used, genes expressing resistance to it began to emerge and spread through bacterial populations. Patients infected with bacteria expressing such resistance genes then failed treatment and remained infected or died. Growing resistance to antimicrobial agents began to take away more and more of the cures that the agents had brought.
In this issue of Emergency Medicine Clinics, guest editors Drs. Christopher M. Colbert, Bradley W. Frazee, and Michael Pulia bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Infectious Disease Emergencies. Top experts in the field discuss key topics such as diabetic foot infections, tick-borne illness, STI diagnosis and management in the ED, bioterrorism, fever and rash, and more. - Contains 13 relevant, practice-oriented topics including updates on pneumonia; global medicine updates; COVID diagnosis and treatment; cutting-edge diagnostics and stewardship interventions; newly-approved antibiotics; and more. - Provides in-depth clinical reviews on infectious disease emergencies, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. - Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.
Summary report published as technical document with reference number: WHO/HSE/PED/AIP/2014.2.
In this issue, guest editors bring their considerable expertise to this important topic.Provides in-depth reviews on the latest updates in the field, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews.
In this issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, guest editor Dr. Jeanne Marrazzo brings her considerable expertise to the topic of Sexually Transmitted Infections. The CDC approximates that 20% of Americans have experienced a sexually transmitted infection (STI), and the World Health Organization has estimated that over 340 million people live with STIs worldwide every year. In this issue, top experts provide important updates in this area, with goals to provide the relevant clinical information to aid physicians in prevention, diagnosis, and management. - Contains 14 practice-oriented topics including syphilis: a modern resurgence; update in management and prevention of chlamydial infections; non-herpes and non-syphilis causes of genital ulcer disease (including monkeypox, LGV, chancroid); diagnostic advances in sexually transmitted infections; immunizations for sexually transmitted infections; and more. - Provides in-depth clinical reviews on sexually transmitted infections, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. - Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.
In this issue, guest editors bring their considerable expertise to this important topic. - Contains 14 practice-oriented topics including COVID-19 prevention in organ transplant recipients; COVID-19 management in organ transplant recipients; updates in molecular diagnostics in organ transplant recipients; updates in immunizations for organ transplant recipients; data that inform "low hanging fruit antimicrobial stewardship interventions among solid organ transplant recipients; and more. - Provides in-depth clinical reviews of transplant-related infections, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. - Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.
In this issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, guest editors Drs. Naomi P. O'Grady and Sameer Kadri bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Complex Infectious Diseases Issues in the Intensive Care Unit. Affected immunity of patients with COVID-19 has made management of complex infectious diseases in the intensive care unit more important than ever. This issue provides key updates for managing these complex infectious diseases and includes current clinical information for COVID-19 patients, making this a state-of-the-art collection of review articles for practicing infectious disease physicians. - Contains 13 practice-oriented topics including timing and spectrum of antibiotic treatment for suspected sepsis and septic shock; preparing an ICU for a lethal viral respiratory pandemic; rapid implementation of a system-level ICU pandemic surge staffing amidst quarantined staff and infection control barriers; management of serious SARS-CoV-2 infection with immunotherapies; supportive care in patients with critical COVID-19; and more. - Provides in-depth clinical reviews on complex infectious diseases issues in the ICU, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. - Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.
In this issue of Infectious Disease Clinics, guest editor Kalpana Gupta brings her considerable expertise to the topic of Urinary Tract Infection Challenges. This issue aims to serve clinicians and scholars well over the next decade, with the goal of helping the principles that are currently "beyond the basics" become part of everyday armamentarium. - Contains 11 relevant, practice-oriented topics including Reducing Treatment of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria; Diagnostic Stewardship for Urine Cultures; Urinary Tract Infection in Male Patients; Urinary Tract Infection Diagnostic and Management Considerations in People with Spinal Cord Injury and Neurogenic Bladder; and more. - Provides in-depth clinical reviews on UTI Challenges, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. - Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.