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The Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics is one of the seven JINR Laboratories. It was established in 1956, soon after the foundation of JINR. In 1960 a principally new source of neutrons - the IBR fast pulsed reactor of periodic operation - was created at FLNP under the leadership of Prof. D.I.Blokhintsev (11.01.1908 - 24.01.1979). The birth of this reactor gave rise to a new direction in the development of research neutron sources. An extended scientific program with this reactor was initiated under the leadership of Nobel Prize Winner and Laboratory Director Prof. I. M. Frank (23.10.1908 - 22.06.1990) and Deputy Director Prof. F. L. Shapiro (06.04.1915 - 30.01.1973). Since 1960, a whole family of unique pulsed neutron sources for nuclear physics and condensed matter physics has been developed and constructed. The latest in the family, the IBR-2 high flux pulsed reactor, was commissioned in February 1984. The Laboratory was named after Prof. I. M. Frank in 1992. In the same year, in JINR the I. M. Frank Prize for Neutron Physics was established. At present, the scientific activity of the Laboratory focuses on two fields of physics, namely nuclear physics and condensed matter physics. The first involves investigations of the neutron as an elementary particle and studies of compound states in neutron induced reactions. The second investigates pressing problems in the physics and chemistry of solid states, surfaces and liquids, and in molecular biology. Applied investigations are also carried out using nuclear physics methods.