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Reliable methods for estimating the cost of a radioactive waste disposal programme are crucial to ensure that the necessary funding for completing the disposal programme is available. Estimating the cost for disposal is, however, a challenging and complex task. Disposal programmes themselves are complex and long term undertakings, and conditions can be expected to change significantly over the time span during which a disposal programme is developed and implemented. This publication provides Member States with information on developing cost estimates for a disposal programme and establishing funding mechanisms. It will help readers in becoming informed clients by familiarizing themselves with the approaches and complexities in cost estimates and funding mechanisms for disposal. The publication is applicable to all waste categories and both near surface and geological disposal. It contains relevant examples and case studies from national programmes. The cost figures are intended to give an indication of the possible cost of certain parts or aspects of the disposal programme rather than to compare different disposal programmes’ costs.
The International Atomic Energy Agency estimates that nuclear power generation facilities produce about 200,000 cubic meters of low and intermediate-level waste each year. Vital medical procedures, industrial processes and basic science research also produce significant quantities of waste. All of this waste must be shielded from the population for extended periods of time. Finding suitable locations for disposal facilities is beset by two main problems: community responses to siting proposals are generally antagonistic and, as a result, governments have tended to be reactive in their policy-making. Decision-making and Radioactive Waste Disposal explores these issues utilizing a linear narrative case study approach that critically examines key stakeholder interactions in order to explain how siting decisions for low level waste disposal are made. Five countries are featured: the US, Australia, Spain, South Korea and Switzerland. This book seeks to establish an understanding of the political, economic, environmental, legal and social dimensions of siting across those countries. This valuable resource fills a gap in the literature and provides recommendations for future disposal facility siting efforts. The book will be of interest to students and scholars of environmental law, justice, management, politics, energy and security policy as well as decision-makers in government and industry.
The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has prepared this environmental impact statement (EIS) in response to an application submitted by Northwest Medical Isotopes, LLC (NWMI) for a construction permit for the NWMI medical radioisotope production facility. The EIS includes the analysis that evaluates the environmental impacts of the proposed action and considers the following alternatives to the proposed action: (1) the no-action alternative (i.e., the construction permit is denied), (2) one alternative site, and (3) two alternative technologies. After weighing the environmental, economic, technical, and other benefits against environmental and other costs, and considering reasonable alternatives, the NRC staff's recommendation, unless safety issues mandate otherwise, is to issue a construction permit to NWMI. The NRC staff based its recommendation on the following factors: the NRC staff's review of the NWMI Environmental Report and responses to requests for additional information; the NRC staff's consultation with Federal, State, and local agencies and Tribal officials; the NRC staff's independent environmental review; and the NRC staff's consideration of public comments Related products: Other products published by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/agency/nuclear-regulatory-commission-nrc Environment & Nature resources collection can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/environment-nature