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A comprehensive dictionary defines approximately thirty thousand words and idioms in 22,500 entries, and includes hints on pronunciation and transliteration of Persian, known as Farsi in Iran and as Dari in Afghanistan.
This book collects and discusses the Old Iranian divine names, personal names, geographical names (toponyms, hydronyms and oronyms) and loanwords, which are attested in texts written in Aramaic, Babylonian, Egyptian, Elamite, Lycian, Lydian and Phrygian. The texts, both royal inscriptions and documentary texts, are discovered in the entire territory of the Achaemenid Empire (from Egypt to Bactria), which controlled the Ancient Near East from ca. 550 to 331 B.C. The Iranica discussed in this book are divided into four categories: (1) directly transmitted Iranica, (2) semi-directly transmitted Iranica, (3) foreign Iranica and (4) indirectly transmitted Iranica (the so-called "Altiranische Nebenuberlieferung"). All expressions, which do not belong to one of these categories, are brought together in a section called "Incerta". The etymology and linguistic setting of each Iranian expression is studied and a list of occurrences is added to this analysis.
Persian culture and civilization is a fascinating one, and in this comprehensive volume all major types of the Persian language are taken into consideration, namely, the Avestan, the Old Persian, the Middle Persian (Pahlavi), and the New Persian. With over 5,700 entries, this reference provides a sound and solid base of terminology of arms and armor in Persian so that military historians, historians, museum curators, researchers, collectors, and those interested in reading historical accounts and epic stories may understand and use the appropriate terms related to each certain type of weapon.
Originally printed in 1908, this text is a preservation of Old Persian inscriptions, such as Behistun, Nakhsh-i Rustam, Suez. The texts are presented in transcription and translation form, with a dictionary in the second half.
First published in 2004. The purpose of this dictionary is to provide the student with a representative vocabulary of Pahlavi in which such uncertain words have been reduced to a minimum and marked. It includes the commonest 4,000 simple words.