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This document summarizes research conducted in 1998 by the Rand Arroyo Center on an exploration and assessment of the ability to insert mechanzied forces in enemy-controlled terrain.
This document summarizes research conducted in 1998 by the RAND Arroyo Center on an exploration and assessment of the ability to insert mechanized forces in enemy-controlled terrain. RAND specifically investigated the use of tilt-rotor aircraft for vertical envelopment concepts, with particular emphasis on survivability implications and the potential enabling role that technology can play. The vertical envelopment concept used for this study was that of rapid deployment of an air-mechanized Army After Next (AAN) battle force into ambush positions against the second echelon of an invading Red force. The work involved the application of high-resolution, force-on-force simulation for the quantitative analysis. Although the research was conducted prior to the Army's current transformation efforts and used a conventional Russian-based threat, it can still provide useful insights into some of the challenges of tomorrow's nonlinear battlespace. The results of the research should be of interest to defense policymakers, concept and materiel developers, and technologists. We note that the air-mechanized (air-mech) battle force design and employment concept used in this study represented the work of the AAN study project in the FY96-98 timeframe and has no relationship to the current "Air-Mech" concepts proposed by BC (ret.) David Grange and others. ̂The "battle force" was a notional design construct used by AAN to analyze possible future organizational constructs without the constraints of current unit paradigms. The air-mech concept explored was the organic capability, within a battle force, to air maneuver both troops and medium-weight combat systems at both tactical and operational depths. TRADOC's Army Transformation Study, Wargaming, and Analysis effort has replaced the idea of organic operational airlift of systems with a more general-purpose capability for external lift assets (Army and/or joint) to enable operational maneuver by Objective Force units.
This research was performed for N-81 of the Navy Staff. The heavy lift aircraft research is one task in a multi-part project that simultaneously examines possible heavy lift aircraft alternatives and hypothetical high speed ships. The results of this research will help the Navy understand its options as it considers whether it should invest in a new heavy lift aircraft design.This study on heavy lift aircraft has three major segments. First was a technical assessment of the aircraft options. Seven different notional aircraft were examined. These ranged from a CH-53 helicopter variant that could be available roughly at the end of this decade, to several large helicopter designs, and finally a four engine version of a tilt-rotor aircraft. The technical assessment includes estimates of cost and dates when each aircraft could be available. The second portion of the study was a survivability assessment. It is possible that a new heavy lift aircraft could be used in an air assault mode to transport troops and equipment into hostile territory. The survivability assessment examined using this class of aircraft in various tactical situations to assess how it would fare against different levels of threat.The final portion of the analysis was a deployment assessment using a hypothetical northeast Asian crisis as the scenario. The movement of Marine Corps, Army, and Air Force elements to the crisis location was assessed, and the role of a heavy lift aircraft considered in this scenario. This analysis considered various ship types to move joint forces. It provides a useful complement to RAND?s other task that focused on high speed ships.
Includes Reports (R-series), Rand Memorandums (RM-series), papers (P-series), and Books.
Swarming occurs when several military units conduct a convergent attack on a target from multiple axes. The author derives a simple theory that explains the phenomenology of swarming. He considers command and control, communications, home field advantage, surprise, fratricide, and training and identifies the primary variables to most important successful swarming.
This report summarizes the research findings of an Arroyo Center analysis of the risks and uncertainties associated with developing a Future Transport Rotorcraft (FTR) to help fulfill a vertical envelopment mission for the Objective Force. In this concept, the FTR would move new medium-weight armored vehicles, known as the Future Combat Systems (FCS), about the battlefield and across enemy air defenses. The FTR is a proposed heavy-lift helicopter capable of transporting the Army's FCS family of combat vehicles. Wargame and simulation models have shown significant benefit to the military if the FCS can be deployed behind enemy lines in a concept known as "vertical envelopment." Preliminary analysis indicates that the FTR must transport a 20-ton payload to a radius of 500 kilometers in an all-vertical mode. The authors review RAND Arroyo Center's analysis of the engineering, operational, and survivability risks associated with the FTR. The research shows that the success of the FTR's development depends upon engineers being able to surpass a wide range of historical trends in the design of rotorcraft technology. Further, survivability concerns imply that the FTR will not have free range on the battlefield and that operational flexibility will have to be reduced to ensure survivability. The authors recommend that efforts to conduct detailed studies of FTR design remain open to a wide range of options, including alternatives to rotorcraft. They further argue that the FTR would address only one aspect of the Army's overall problem in rapidly deploying the FCS from home station to the battlefield. (3 tables, 24 figures, 11 refs.).
This paper focuses on the formulation of doctrine since World War II. In no comparable period in history have the dimensions of the battlefield been so altered by rapid technological changes. The need for the tactical doctrines of the Army to remain correspondingly abreast of these changes is thus more pressing than ever before. Future conflicts are not likely to develop in the leisurely fashions of the past where tactical doctrines could be refined on the battlefield itself. It is, therefore, imperative that we apprehend future problems with as much accuracy as possible. One means of doing so is to pay particular attention to the business of how the Army's doctrine has developed historically, with a view to improving methods of future development.
Proceedings of a symposium co-sponsored by the Air Force Historical Foundation and the Air Force History and Museums Program. The symposium covered relevant Air Force technologies ranging from the turbo-jet revolution of the 1930s to the stealth revolution of the 1990s. Illustrations.