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Anaerobic and aerobic rate coefficients for iron, manganese, orthophosphate-P, ammonium-N, and other nutrients were determined for a wide variety of reservoir sediments using laboratory reactor units. Predicted anaerobic rate coefficients derived using diffusion equations were compared to observed anaerobic rate coefficients for iron, manganese, ammonium-N, and orthophosphate-P. Actual ammonium-N release rates closely paralleled release rates predicted by diffusion equations; release rates for iron, manganese, and orthophosphate-P consistently exceeded predicted release rates. Remobilization of iron, manganese, and orthophosphate from the aerobic surface sediment layer during anaerobic conditions was postulated as the cause of the enhanced releases observed.
The Corps of Engineers One-Dimensional Reservoir Water Quality Model (CE-QUAL-R1) was evaluated for use in the Aquatic Plant Control Research Program (APCRP). Calibration of the thermal portion of the model for a period of one year and subsequent verification for a period of three years produced satisfactory results concerning the water budget and temperature predictions. Calibration of the water quality portion of the model also produced satisfactory results. Measured data were not considered satisfactory for model verification. It was concluded that CE-QUAL-R1 would be useful to the APCRP for predicting water quality variables after the addition of a macrophyte algorithm and after improvements are made concerning the interaction between the algorithms, time step, and solution scheme. All current model developments within the Environmental Water Quality Operational Studies Program should enhance model use for the APCRP. Other possible improvements which should be considered include the incorporation of: (a) output dealing with system function, (b) input via rainfall, and (c) effects of wind on sediments.