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Carbon-based materials, namely activated carbon, carbon nanotube and graphene, are considered as one of the most effective adsorbents for pollutant removal and wastewater treatment. Due to their high surface area and distinct chemical and physical properties of the carbon-based materials, particularly activated carbon and carbon nanotube are rapidly emerging as one of the most effective adsorbents for wastewater treatment. Various studies have reported the applications of activated carbon, carbon nanotubes and graphene as promising adsorbents for removing organic and inorganic pollutants. In this chapter, an introduction about the activated carbon, carbon nanotubes and graphene and their production, prosperities and usage for the removal of pharmaceutical active materials from aqueous media are highlighted and summarized. Challenges and future opportunities for application of these carbon-based materials as adsorbents in wastewater treatment are also addressed in this chapter.
Carbon-Based Material for Environmental Protection and Remediation presents an overview of carbon-based technologies and processes, and examines their usefulness and efficiency for environmental preservation and remediation. Chapters cover topics ranging from pollutants removal to new processes in materials science. Written for interested readers with strong scientific and technological backgrounds, this book will appeal to scientific advisors at private companies, academics, and graduate students.
This book reviews water treatment technologies for the removal of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs). It provides the reader with an overview of state-of-the-art techniques and recent efforts to develop more sustainable approaches. After nearly two decades of research into the presence and impact of PhACs in the environment, they remain one of the hottest topics in the fields of environmental chemistry, toxicology and engineering. Accordingly, intensive research efforts are currently being devoted to water treatment technologies that can reduce the presence of these emerging contaminants in water bodies. This book examines various types of contaminated water from industry, hospitals and urban wastewater. It provides the reader with a range of potential solutions for water treatment and reuse, and addresses the advancement of analytical tools for evaluating the performance and efficiency of treatment technologies.
The deterioration of water quality and unavailability of drinkable water are pressing challenges worldwide. The removal of toxic organic and inorganic pollutants from water is vital for a clean environment, as a response to water scarcity. Adsorption-based water technologies are among the most widely used because of their high efficiency and low cost, without relying on a complex infrastructure. In recent years, carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), such as graphene and derivatives, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, nanoporous carbon, fullerenes, graphitic carbon nitride, and nanodiamonds have been extensively exploited as adsorbents due to their extraordinary surface properties, ease of modification, large surface area, controlled structural varieties, high chemical stability, porosity, low density, ease of regeneration, and reusability. This book provides a thorough overview of the state of the art in carbon nanomaterials as they are used for adsorption applications in water purifications, as well as addressing their toxicological challenges. This volume primarily explores the fundamentals of adsorption, its mechanical aspects, synthesis and properties of CNMs, and adsorption performances of CNMs and their nanocomposites with organic and inorganic materials. Structural engineering and activation processes produce materials with enhanced adsorptive properties and separation efficiencies. Furthermore, the formation of CNMs with 2D and 3D macro-and microstructures and high porosities is a potential approach to improve adsorption performances and extend CNM use at the industrial level. The book also addresses important issues regarding these adsorbents that potentially affect future research and industrial applications of carbon-based nanoadsorbents in water security. Presents advances in multifunctional 3D superstructures of carbon nanomaterials and their composites for adsorption applications Outlines the fundamentals on synthesis and characterization techniques of carbon-based nanostructures and their composites Assesses the major toxicological challenges in using nanostructured materials as adsorbents for water purification
This first volume of Metal-Organic Framework Composites focusses on pharmaceutical pollution as an issue of concern due to its effects on the environment and the application of MOFs for remediation. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are advanced porous materials and are promising adsorbents with facile modifications, high specific surface area, controllable porosity, and tailored surface properties. This book discusses MOFs in the removal and comprehensively evaluates the role of MOFs for efficient removal of different pharmaceutical pollutants. The authors present techniques and approaches for removal of pharmaceuticals with suitable examples.
Carbon-based materials have emerged as versatile and effective solutions in environmental remediation. These materials possess exceptional adsorption properties that enable them to capture and remove a wide range of pollutants from air and water. Their high surface area, porosity, and stability make them ideal for tackling contaminants such as heavy metals, organic compounds, and pesticides. By leveraging these unique properties, carbon-based materials play a crucial role in mitigating environmental pollution and promoting sustainable practices. Carbon-Based Materials and Environmental Remediation: Graphene, Biochar, and More explores the applications of carbon-based materials such as graphene, biochar, and more for environmental remediation. This book delves into the unique properties and mechanisms that make these materials effective in addressing various environmental challenges. Covering topics such as carbon nanomaterials, pesticide remediation, and water pollution control, this book is an essential resource for environmental scientists, chemical engineers, materials scientists, academic researchers, graduate and postgraduate students, and more.
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Waste Management and Treatment Technology: Emerging Contaminants and Micro Pollutants provides the tools and techniques for identifying these contaminates and applying the most effective technology for their remediation, recovery and treatment. The consumption of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has grown significantly over the last 35 years, thus increasing their potential risk to the environment. As PPCPs are very difficult to detect and remove using conventional wastewater treatment methods, this book provides solutions to a growing problem. Includes sampling, analytical and characterization methods and technology for detecting PPCPs in the environment Provides advanced treatment and disposal technologies for the removal of PPCPs from wastewater, surface water, landfills and septic systems Examines the pathways of PPCPs into the environment
Carbon materials are one of the most fascinating materials because of their unique properties and potential use in several applications. They can be obtained from residues or by using advanced synthesis technologies like chemical vapor deposition. The carbon family is very broad, ranging from classical activated carbons to more advanced species such as carbon nanotubes and graphene. The surface chemistry is one of the most interesting aspects of this broad family of materials, which allows the incorporation of different types of chemical functionalities or heteroatoms on the carbon surface, such as O, N, B, S, or P, which can modify the acid–base character, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, or the electronic properties of these materials and, thus, determine the final application. This book represents a collection of original research articles and communications focused on the synthesis, properties, and applications of heteroatom-doped functional carbon materials.
Covers a wide range of advanced materials and technologies for CO2 capture As a frontier research area, carbon capture has been a major driving force behind many materials technologies. This book highlights the current state-of-the-art in materials for carbon capture, providing a comprehensive understanding of separations ranging from solid sorbents to liquid sorbents and membranes. Filled with diverse and unconventional topics throughout, it seeks to inspire students, as well as experts, to go beyond the novel materials highlighted and develop new materials with enhanced separations properties. Edited by leading authorities in the field, Materials for Carbon Capture offers in-depth chapters covering: CO2 Capture and Separation of Metal-Organic Frameworks; Porous Carbon Materials: Designed Synthesis and CO2 Capture; Porous Aromatic Frameworks for Carbon Dioxide Capture; and Virtual Screening of Materials for Carbon Capture. Other chapters look at Ultrathin Membranes for Gas Separation; Polymeric Membranes; Carbon Membranes for CO2 Separation; and Composite Materials for Carbon Captures. The book finishes with sections on Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers for Carbon Capture and Ionic Liquids for Chemisorption of CO2 and Ionic Liquid-Based Membranes. A comprehensive overview and survey of the present status of materials and technologies for carbon capture Covers materials synthesis, gas separations, membrane fabrication, and CO2 removal to highlight recent progress in the materials and chemistry aspects of carbon capture Allows the reader to better understand the challenges and opportunities in carbon capture Edited by leading experts working on materials and membranes for carbon separation and capture Materials for Carbon Capture is an excellent book for advanced students of chemistry, materials science, chemical and energy engineering, and early career scientists who are interested in carbon capture. It will also be of great benefit to researchers in academia, national labs, research institutes, and industry working in the field of gas separations and carbon capture.
This book presents a unique collection of up-to-date applications of graphene for water science. Because water is an invaluable resource and the intelligent use and maintenance of water supplies is one of the most important and crucial challenges that stand before mankind, new technologies are constantly being sought to lower the cost and footprint of processes that make use of water resources as potable water as well as water for agriculture and industry, which are always in desperate demand. Much research is focused on graphene for different water treatment uses. Graphene, whose discovery won the 2010 Nobel Prize in physics, has been a shining star in the material science in the past few years. Owing to its interesting electrical, optical, mechanical and chemical properties, graphene has found potential applications in a wide range of areas, including water purification technology. A new type of graphene-based filter could be the key to managing the global water crisis. According to the World Economic Forum's Global Risks Report, lack of access to safe, clean water is the biggest risk to society over the coming decade. Yet some of these risks could be mitigated by the development of this filter, which is so strong and stable that it can be used for extended periods in the harshest corrosive environments, and with less maintenance than other filters on the market. The graphene-based filter could be used to filter chemicals, viruses, or bacteria from a range of liquids. It could be used to purify water, dairy products or wine, or in the production of pharmaceuticals. This book provides practical information to all those who are involved in this field.