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The experiences of international students, their reactions to the American educational system, their treatment, and a wide range of other issues facing them are well documented. Researchers have examined, among others, the gap in expectations between international students and staff, the perceived discrimination of international students, loneliness, resiliency, social networking and socio-cultural needs. A number of studies found that professors and non-international students found international student participation in class lackluster (Barber & Morgan, 1984/1988; Goodwin & Nacht, 1983; Fallon & Brown, 1999), though I would argue in large part due to the same reasons domestic students are sometimes non-participatory. All students, regardless of cultural background, are capable of experiencing shyness, of having feelings of inadequate knowledge of a topic being discussed, or may simply prefer to listen rather than speak, among others. Some international students are reluctant to partake in activities outside of their same-culture group once class has ended; some would like to be more involved but are held back by a number of barriers. The distinction this paper makes is in viewing student participation in classroom discussion as different from participation in multicultural activities, and places a greater level of importance on encouraging international students to be more involved outside of the classroom. A degree from a university in America implies exposure to not only the American culture, but the cultures of other students as well, to the extent of the diversity of the campus or surrounding area. To achieve this goal, institutions must do their part to support international students and identify the obstacles that keep them from being as involved as they would like to be with others. This paper aims to examine the reasons why certain international students choose not to or feel like they cannot participate in diverse groups or activities outside of the classroom, and hopes that by identifying some of these reasons, institutions will be better equipped to address them and provide support.
International Service Learning (ISL) borrows from the domains of service learning, study abroad, and international education to create a new pedagogy that adds new and unique value from this combination. It is a high-impact pedagogy with the potential to improve students’ academic attainment, contribute to their personal growth, and develop global civic outcomes. The international service experience provides opportunities for additional learning goals, activities, and relationships that are not available in a domestic service learning course or in a traditional study abroad course. The service experience develops reflection while shedding light on and providing an added dimension to the curricular component of the study abroad course. The international education component further broadens students’ perspectives by providing opportunities to compare and contrast North American and international perspectives on course content.This book focuses on conducting research on ISL, which includes developing and evaluating hypotheses about ISL outcomes and measuring its impact on students, faculty, and communities. The book argues that rigorous research is essential to improving the quality of ISL’s implementation and delivery, and providing the evidence that will lead to wider support and adoption by the academy, funders, and partners. It is intended for both practitioners and scholars, providing guidance and commentary on good practice. The volume provides a pioneering analysis of and understanding of why and under what conditions ISL is an effective pedagogy.Individual chapters discuss conceptual frameworks, research design issues, and measurement strategies related to student learning outcomes; the importance of ISL course and program design; the need for faculty development activities to familiarize faculty with the component pedagogical strategies; the need for resources and collaboration across campus units to develop institutional capacity for ISL; and the role that community constituencies should assume as co-creators of the curriculum, co-educators in the delivery of the curriculum, and co-investigators in the evaluation of and study of ISL. The contributors demonstrate sensitivity to ethical implications of ISL, to issues of power and privilege, to the integrity of partnerships, to reflection, reciprocity, and community benefits
Several factors have resulted in increased intra- and inter-state migration. This has led to an increase in the enrollment of students with diverse linguistics backgrounds, placing more academic demands on educators. Linguistic diversity presents both opportunities and challenges for educators across the educational spectrum. Language ideologies profoundly shape and constrain the use of language as a resource for learning in multilingual or linguistically diverse classrooms. While English has become the world language, most communities remain, and are becoming more and more multicultural, multilingual, and diverse. The Handbook of Research on Teaching in Multicultural and Multilingual Contexts moves beyond the constraints of current language ideologies and enables the use of a wide range of resources from local semiotic repertoires. It examines the phenomenon of language use, language teaching, multiculturalism, and multilingualism in different learning areas, giving practitioners a voice to spotlight their efforts in order to keep their teaching afloat in culturally and linguistically diverse situations. Covering topics such as Indigenous languages, multilingual deaf communities, and intercultural competence, this major reference work is an essential resource for educators of both K-12 and higher education, pre-service teachers, educational psychologists, linguists, education administrators and policymakers, government officials, researchers, and academicians.
The experience of studying on a multicultural campus is regarded as a highly potent means of developing intercultural skills. However many studies report that authentic interaction between domestic and incoming students is often disappointingly absent. Through interviews this study investigates the experiences of long-stay international students at a British university who have been relatively successful in developing cross- cultural relations. An analysis is carried out of their descriptions of contacts with other cultures and the resulting effects in four areas: their attitudes and behaviour in negotiating cross-cultural interaction, the strategies they adopted to ease their adjustment to the new environment and to reflect on their culture of origin, their levels of success in adopting roles which allowed them to contribute to culturally mixed collectives, and their expectations and motivations to apply what they have learned to future interactions. To locate their responses within a theoretical framework, I have drawn loosely on Lave & Wenger's community of practice conception of learning in a professional context and related it to peer-group formation within study cohorts. The roles interviewees assumed acknowledged their reliance on others' support, but also allowed them to contribute in other ways to the collective. In Wenger's terms many describe a shift over time from legitimate peripheral participation towards core membership. Expectations of future approaches towards intercultural contact and transferability of skills, attitudes and knowledge showed a wide degree of variation, depending on what Wenger terms their trajectories: previous experience, current attitudes and future plans. Five distinct types of trajectory were identified from the interview data. A discussion follows, of ways in which knowledge of these various attitudes, strategies., roles and trajectories can be used to inform the activities of staff in Higher Education wishing to improve and accelerate the quality and reflexivity of students' multicultural experiences.
Building on Karabenick’s earlier volume on this topic and maintaining its high standards of scholarship and intellectual rigor, Help Seeking in Academic Settings: Goals, Groups, and Contexts brings together contemporary work that is theoretically as well as practically important. It highlights current trends in the area and gives expanded attention to applications to teaching and learning. The contributors represent an internationally recognized group of scholars and researchers who provide depth of analysis and breadth of coverage. Help seeking is currently considered an important learning strategy that is linked to students’ achievement goals and academic performance. This volume not only provides answers to who, why, and when learners seek help, but raises questions for readers to consider for future research. Chapters examine: *help seeking as a self-regulated learning strategy and its relationship to achievement goal theory; *help seeking in collaborative groups; *culture and help seeking in K-12 and college contexts; *help seeking and academic support services (such as academic advising centers); *help seeking in computer-based interactive learning environments; *help seeking in response to peer harassment at school; and *help seeking in non-academic settings such as the workplace. This book is intended for researchers, academic support personnel,and graduate students across the field of educational psychology, particularly those interested in student motivation and self-regulation.
The Art of Teaching Science emphasizes a humanistic, experiential, and constructivist approach to teaching and learning, and integrates a wide variety of pedagogical tools. Becoming a science teacher is a creative process, and this innovative textbook encourages students to construct ideas about science teaching through their interactions with peers, mentors, and instructors, and through hands-on, minds-on activities designed to foster a collaborative, thoughtful learning environment. This second edition retains key features such as inquiry-based activities and case studies throughout, while simultaneously adding new material on the impact of standardized testing on inquiry-based science, and explicit links to science teaching standards. Also included are expanded resources like a comprehensive website, a streamlined format and updated content, making the experiential tools in the book even more useful for both pre- and in-service science teachers. Special Features: Each chapter is organized into two sections: one that focuses on content and theme; and one that contains a variety of strategies for extending chapter concepts outside the classroom Case studies open each chapter to highlight real-world scenarios and to connect theory to teaching practice Contains 33 Inquiry Activities that provide opportunities to explore the dimensions of science teaching and increase professional expertise Problems and Extensions, On the Web Resources and Readings guide students to further critical investigation of important concepts and topics. An extensive companion website includes even more student and instructor resources, such as interviews with practicing science teachers, articles from the literature, chapter PowerPoint slides, syllabus helpers, additional case studies, activities, and more. Visit http://www.routledge.com/textbooks/9780415965286 to access this additional material.
Abstracts of dissertations available on microfilm or as xerographic reproductions.
Elisabeth Gareis breaks new ground in her study of intercultural friendships. She probes the scantily researched subject of friendship to report on the nature of relations between foreigners and Americans in the United States. The approach is descriptive, using data derived from an extensive review of literature, questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Participants in the study were 15 unmarried graduate students from Germany, India, and Taiwan who had been in the U.S. for at least one year. From her study, Gareis concludes that cultural background is much less significant for the successful development of intercultural friendships than might be expected. The investigative results show that other factors play a more important role in developing strong intercultural friendships. These factors include: individual personality, level of confidence, the meaning attached to the concept of friendship, and general cultural expectations. As the only book of its kind to exist in the market, Intercultural Friendships will enlighten students and teachers of intercultural communication classes, counselors working with foreign students, and cross-cultural leaders. It will prove indispensable to foreign students in the U.S. and U.S. citizens working or studying abroad.
As the world becomes more navigable, opportunities arise for people to live in different countries and for students to study internationally. Such capabilities require universities and other institutions of higher learning to accommodate cultural diversity. Promoting Ethnic Diversity and Multiculturalism in Higher Education is an essential scholarly publication that examines the interaction between culture and learning in academic environments and the efforts to mediate it through various educational venues. Featuring coverage on a wide range of topics including intercultural competence, microaggressions, and student diversity, this book is geared towards educators, professionals, school administrators, researchers, and practitioners in the field of education.
The achievement of students of color continues to be disproportionately low at all levels of education. More than ever, Geneva Gay's foundational book on culturally responsive teaching is essential reading in addressing the needs of today's diverse student population. Combining insights from multicultural education theory and research with real-life classroom stories, Gay demonstrates that all students will perform better on multiple measures of achievement when teaching is filtered through their own cultural experiences. This bestselling text has been extensively revised to include expanded coverage of student ethnic groups: African and Latino Americans as well as Asian and Native Americans as well as new material on culturally diverse communication, addressing common myths about language diversity and the effects of "English Plus" instruction.