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The "deepening and widening" of the EU has thrown its changing internal and external borders into sharp relief. This work demonstrates that borders are key spaces within which issues such as identity, memory and trust, and communication between states continue to be played out and transformed.
This book fills an existing academic literature gap by providing a sound and synthetic analysis on the process of European Territorial Cooperation over the last 30 years. This follows from the support from the former EU INTERREG Community Initiative, since 1989, later transformed into the second main goal of EU Cohesion Policy, by 2007: European Territorial Cooperation - ECT. In order to present the ECT process in a more comprehensive manner, and to be the main literature reference regarding this process in the decades to come, this book is divided into four different sections and 12 chapters. The first section summarizes the main impacts and added-value from ETC experiences while proposing the elevation of the ETC goals within EU Cohesion Policies. The second section addresses the process of cross-border cooperation, and namely its impact in reducing border obstacles and supporting ever growing number of cross-border entities. The third section elaborates on the second most important ETC process (transnational cooperation) with a similar approach. Finally, a last section debates the future scenarios for this process in Europe.
Cross-border cooperation aims to tackle common challenges identified jointly by the Member States in the border regions, and to exploit the untapped growth potential. Many such regions generally perform less well economically than other regions within a Member State. We found that the cooperation programmes we examined had clear strategies for addressing the challenges facing the cross-border regions they covered. However, weaknesses in implementation and insufficiencies in monitoring information limited the potential of programmes to unlock the potential of these regions. We address a number of recommendations to programme authorities and the Commission to better focus the cooperation programmes, and to prioritise and support projects based on merit. Also, to define indicators that capture the cross-border effect of the projects. ECA special report pursuant to Article 287(4), second subparagraph, TFEU.
This volume attempts to draw debates on governance, at both of these levels, into spaces of cross-border regionalism in Europe today. Embodying both supra-national and sub-national dynamics of contemporary forms of governance, cross-border regions (or euregions) enable observation of the fitful progress and contradictions of the multilevel polity that is contemporary Europe. Including case studies from throughout the EU as exemplars of specific "border regimes", the volume identifies the practical and theoretical importance of governing in Europe's new cross-border territories as part of a newly reinvigorated 'regional question'. In Europe's euregions, it is argued, issues of democracy, identity, sovereignty, citizenship and scale must be rethought, when a border runs through it. This book utilises a diversity of perspectives and a range of selected case studies to examine modes of governance emerging across the nation-state borders of Europe. It will interest students and researchers of European Union borders.
Seminar paper from the year 2020 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Miscellaneous, grade: 1.0, Charles University in Prague, language: English, abstract: This essay will focus on the Interreg programme (mainly cross border cooperation) of the European Union and in particular on the following question: How does the programme work and how can regions be supported to move regional development towards cross-border cohesion within Europe? The aim of this work is to highlight the role of cross-border cooperation in regional development. In addition, it will analyze to what extent the Interreg programme has developed and what future opportunities cross-border cooperation might have for regional development within the EU. In the introductory chapter on regional development in the EU, the concept of the region and the role of regional development in the EU are highlighted. Subsequently and in preparation for the main chapter, the regional policy relevant basics of the EU are explained, as well as the European Regional Development Fund, as it finances the Interreg programme. The main part of the work is devoted to the Interreg Programme: First of all, the organisation, financing and objectives of the programme are examined, followed by the development and history of Interreg. Finally, an example of cross-border cooperation, within the framework of Interreg, namely between Germany and Denmark, and an example project "Undine II" which is part of the cooperation.
Has European integration helped to build peace in Europe and its neighbourhood? The book addresses this question through theoretically and empirically informed case studies that explore the successes of, and the challenges to EU cross-border cooperation as a tool for conflict transformation. Conceptually, the contributors link the question of transforming conflict to changing understandings of borders and bordering. Empirically, the contributions represent case studies of practices and discourses of EU-sponsored cross-border cooperation, and challenges to it. The case studies encompass the multiple geographical perspectives of the EU internal boundaries, its (sometimes disputed) external borders, and borders involving third countries. From a thematic point of view, the collection focuses on the intersection of two levels at which bordering processes unfold and are enacted: the level of governance, devolution and international intervention and that of grass roots or civil society efforts, including cultural cooperation and artistic production. The collection thus offers a kaleidoscopic view of border politics and conflict that zooms in and out of the EU frontiers and their geopolitics of peacebuilding, security and cooperation. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the journal Geopolitics.
Seminar paper from the year 2010 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Miscellaneous, grade: A, University of Flensburg, language: English, abstract: In this paper will be examined the cross-border cooperation between Greece and Turkey and more specifically the cross-border region of Thrace will be analyzed in detail. The case of the Greek-Turkish cross-border region is becoming more interesting than other cross-border regions, since Greece is a member of EU from 1981 and Turkey is a candidate member since 2005, that is to say the cross-border area in between these countries consists of the external borders of the EU with a potential member state of EU. Furthermore, the region of Thrace (Western Thrace for Greece and Eastern Thrace for Turkey) not only consists of an important region in geopolitical terms for both of the countries, but also the current situation of cross-border cooperation in this particular region represents and in to some extend explains with the most concrete way the prevailed situation of cross-border cooperation in the whole cross-border area of Greece and Turkey, including the border region of the Aegean Sea with coastal Turkey, the sea borders between these countries. Namely, it is indicative that the region of Thrace participated in Interreg IIIA but was excluded in Interreg IV, fact that complexes the cross-border cooperation and will be analyzed in detail in the following chapters. Before analyzing the case of Thrace, it is essential to mention that Greece and Turkey have long history of conflict, which goes back to the dissolution of Ottoman Empire and the formation of the Greek independent state. Currently, there is no military conflict but there are still political matters that are questioned form the one or the other side. The disputable sea borders, the air space, the FIR of Athens and the minorities in both of the countries are some o-border cooperation in a successful way. In specific, in the case of Thrace, the
The UK Withdrawal Negotiations raised awareness about the positive effects of European integration on regional development and cross-border cooperation in Ireland - and their vulnerability to Brexit. This report explains and evidences the impact of Brexit - anticipated, actual and potential - in this unique case study. Its focus is on non-trade related matters, including administrative, environmental and cultural, particularly as managed at local and regional levels. In light of these, it makes recommendations for future territorial cohesion and regional development in Ireland.