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Application to military aircraft.
The report presents a methodology enabling the weapon system planner to acquire early visibility of cost magnitudes, proportions, and trends associated with a new engine's life cycle, and to identify 'drivers' that increase cost and can have the effect of lowering capability. Later in the life cycle, logistics managers can use the methodology and the feedback it produces for more effective system management. The procedure followed was to: develop a theoretical framework for each phase of the life cycle; collect and analyze data for each phase; develop parametric cost-estimating relationships (CERs) for each phase; use the CERs in examples to ascertain behavior and obtain insights into cost magnitudes, proportions, and trends, and to identify cost-drivers and their effects; and examine commercial experience for cost data and operational and maintenance practices that could be profitable for the Air Force. (Author).
Evaluating the cost of acquiring major pieces of equipment also necessitates costing their life maintenance. Providing coverage of recent advances in this field, this book covers such topics as reliability improvement warranty, computer hardware/software costing, and reliability engineering.
The primary human activities that release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere are the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) to generate electricity, the provision of energy for transportation, and as a consequence of some industrial processes. Although aviation CO2 emissions only make up approximately 2.0 to 2.5 percent of total global annual CO2 emissions, research to reduce CO2 emissions is urgent because (1) such reductions may be legislated even as commercial air travel grows, (2) because it takes new technology a long time to propagate into and through the aviation fleet, and (3) because of the ongoing impact of global CO2 emissions. Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research develops a national research agenda for reducing CO2 emissions from commercial aviation. This report focuses on propulsion and energy technologies for reducing carbon emissions from large, commercial aircraftâ€" single-aisle and twin-aisle aircraft that carry 100 or more passengersâ€"because such aircraft account for more than 90 percent of global emissions from commercial aircraft. Moreover, while smaller aircraft also emit CO2, they make only a minor contribution to global emissions, and many technologies that reduce CO2 emissions for large aircraft also apply to smaller aircraft. As commercial aviation continues to grow in terms of revenue-passenger miles and cargo ton miles, CO2 emissions are expected to increase. To reduce the contribution of aviation to climate change, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of ongoing efforts to reduce emissions and initiate research into new approaches.
Application to military aircraft.