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On Parent's Day, in 1952, B. F. Skinner visited his daughter's fourth grade math class. As he watched the lesson, he became increasingly uncomfortable. Almost every principle of effective teaching that he had studied for more than 20 years was being violated in that classroom. Yet it was a typical class. The teacher showed how to solve the day's problems, then gave the students a worksheet to do. Some children began to work readily while others shifted uncomfortably in their chairs, or raised their hands for help. The teacher went from desk to desk, giving help and feedback. Skinner knew what was needed. Each student should be given a problem tailored precisely to his or her skill level, not to the class average, and every answer needed to be assessed immediately to determine the next step. The task was clearly impossible for one teacher. That afternoon, Skinner set to work on a teaching machine. Today's computers have made the mechanical machine obsolete, but the principles of how to design instruction in steps that lead from a basic level to competent performance are as valid today as they were in the 20th century. This book brings together Skinner's writings on education during the years he was most involved in improving education.
As a result of his visits to classrooms across the nation, Brown has compiled an engaging, thought-provoking collection of classroom vignettes which show the ways in which national, state, and local school politics translate into changed classroom practices. "Captures the breadth, depth, and urgency of education reform".--Bill Clinton.
Abstract: This revision emphasizes the use of audiovisual materials as an integral and vital part of a particular program of instruction and serves as a practitioner's guide to their selection and utilization. The teacher is viewed as a manager, organizer, and evaluator of learning experiences as well as a motivator of students. Audiovisual methods are viewed as an important part of the communication process that undergirds education. The text begins with a discussion of the theory and practice of audiovisual teaching followed by chapters dealing with selected audiovisual methods. Methods discussed include contrived experiences, purposeful experiences, demonstrations, study trips, exhibits, educational television, motion pictures, still pictures, radio, and recordings. A final section deals with the role of systems and technology in teaching and the educational process.