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Amphiphilic polymer co-networks (APCNs) are a type of polymeric hydrogel, their hydrophobic polymer segments and hydrophilic components produce less aqueous swelling, giving better mechanical properties than conventional hydrogels. This new class of polymers is attracting increasing attention, resulting in further basic research on the system, as well as new applications. This book focuses on new developments in the field of APCNs, and is organised in four sections: synthesis, properties, applications and modelling. Co-network architectures included in the book chapters are mainly those deriving from hydrophobic macro-cross-linkers, representing the classical approach; however, more modern designs are also presented. Properties of interest discussed include aqueous swelling, thermophysical and mechanical properties, self-assembly, electrical actuation, and protein adsorption. Applications described in the book chapters include the use of co-networks as soft contact lenses, scaffolds for drug delivery and tissue engineering, matrices for heterogeneous biocatalysis, and membranes of controllable permeability. Finally, an important theory chapter on the modelling of the self-assembly of APCNs is also included. The book is suitable for graduate students and researchers interested in hydrogels, polymer networks, polymer chemistry, block copolymers, self-assembly and nanomaterials, as well as their applications in contact lenses, drug delivery, tissue engineering, membranes and biocatalysis.
The first part of this study presents a strategy for the synthesis of novel bimodal amphiphilic grafts consisting of hydrophilic poly (N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAAm) main chains carrying two different molecular weight hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) branches whose crosslinking leads to bimodal amphiphilic conetworks ([beta]-APCNs). The effect of crosslinker ratio and amount of high molecular weight PDMS on the conetwork's morphology, swelling characteristics and mechanical properties were evaluated. The materials exhibited bulk microphase separation with short-range ordering, and superficial demixing with only the hydrophobic phase present at the surface. A multi-scale, composition-dependent, elastic wrinkling-instability was shown to control surface morphology. The coexistence of low and high molecular weight PDMS in [beta]-APCNs greatly improved ultimate mechanical properties. The second study concerns the structure development of [beta]-APCNs during film processing from solution. Time-resolved gravimetry, low contact angles and negative out-of-plane birefringence provided strong experimental evidence of transitory trapping of thermodynamically unfavorable hydrophilic moieties at the air-film interface due to fast asymmetric solvent depletion. We also find that slow-drying hydrophobic elements progressively substitute hydrophilic domains at the surface as the surface-energy is minimized. The third study proposes a novel approach to zero-order, constant-rate drug delivery from [beta]-APCN-based contact lenses. Quasi-Case II non-Fickian transport was achieved by non-uniform drug and diffusivity distributions within three-layer bimodal amphiphilic conetworks. We demonstrated experimentally and by modeling that the combined effect of non-uniform distribution of drug loading and diffusion constants within the three-layer lens maintains low local drug concentration at the lens-fluid interface and yields zero-order drug delivery.The final study uses in-situ ellipsometry, contact angle measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate the swelling behavior, surface characteristics and adsorption of plasma proteins of bimodal amphiphilic conetworks ([beta]-APCNs). We demonstrated that plasma protein adsorption in [beta]-APCNs is transport-limited. [beta]-APCNs have the ability to reconfigure their surfaces depending on the medium as evidenced by large contact angle hysteresis, so that in aqueous solution hydrophilic moieties populate the surface. Protein adsorption occurred at the hydrophobic PDMS domains (which become buried in the bulk after swelling) and plasma proteins needed to diffuse into the conetwork in order to adsorb. Desorption was dependent on the initial adsorption rate.
Acrylates—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Acrylamides. The editors have built Acrylates—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Acrylamides in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Acrylates—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Young Talents in Polymer Science" that was published in Polymers
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This proceedings collected together ninety-seven selected articles on recent research works and innovations in material science and energy engineering, presented at the 2014 International Conference on Materials Science and Energy Engineering (CMSEE 2014), held in Sanya, Hainan, China during December 12 - 14, 2014.CMSEE2014 covers a wide range of fundamental studies, technical innovations and industrial applications in material science and energy engineering, and were attended by 130 participants from different countries and regions in the world including China, Canada, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Turkey, Egypt and Russia, to exchange notes on latest research, and synergic in future scientific collaborations.All papers submitted were subjected to a rigorous peer-review process by at least two independent reviewers to ensure that articles selected are of highest standard and are relevance to the aims and scope of CMSEE 2014.
Issues in Chemistry and General Chemical Research: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Chemistry and General Chemical Research. The editors have built Issues in Chemistry and General Chemical Research: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Chemistry and General Chemical Research in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Chemistry and General Chemical Research: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
It is the belief of the editors of this book that the recognition of block copolymers as being amphiphilic molecules and sharing common features with other well-studied amphiphiles will prove beneficial to both the surfactant and the polymer communities. An aim of this book is to bridge the two communities and cross-fertilise the different fields. To this end, leading researchers in the field of amphiphilic block copolymer self-assembly, some having a background in surfactant chemistry, and others with polymer physics roots, have agreed to join forces and contribute to this book.The book consists of four entities. The first part discusses theoretical considerations behind the block copolymer self-assembly in solution and in the melt. The second part provides case studies of self-assembly in different classes of block copolymers (e.g., polyethers, polyelectrolytes) and in different environments (e.g., in water, in non-aqueous solvents, or in the absence of solvents). The third part presents experimental tools, ranging from static (e.g., small angle neutron scattering) to dynamic (e.g., rheology), which can prove valuable in the characterization of block copolymer self-assemblies. The fourth part offers a sampling of current applications of block copolymers in, e.g., formulations, pharmaceutics, and separations, applications which are based on the unique self-assembly properties of block copolymers.
Issues in Materials and Manufacturing Research: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Materials and Manufacturing Research. The editors have built Issues in Materials and Manufacturing Research: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Materials and Manufacturing Research in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Materials and Manufacturing Research: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.