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The Alsea Logging and Aquatic Resources Study, commissioned by the Oregon Legislature in 1959, marked the beginning of four decades of research in the Pacific Northwest devoted to understanding the impacts of forest practices on water quality, water quantity, aquatic habitat, and aquatic organism popu- tions. While earlier watershed research examined changes in runoff and erosion from various land uses, this study was the first watershed experiment to focus so heavily on aquatic habitat and organism response to forest practices. The Alsea Watershed Study, as it came to be known, extended over 15 years with seven years of pretreatment calibration measurements, a year of treatment, and seven years of post-treatment monitoring. The research was a cooperative effort with scientists from Oregon State University, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Cooperating landowners included the Georgia-Pacific Corporation, the U.S. Forest Service, and a local rancher. It was a remarkable 15-year partnership marked by excellent cooperation among the participants and outstanding coordination among the scientists, many of whom participated actively for the entire period.
A number of studies were undertaken related to effects of clearcut logging on water quality and the process affected in small streams. Water temperature studied before and after logging was increased significantly where stream cover was removed. Energy balances of small streams were measured and predictive models were developed. Road building significantly increased sediment yield in clearcut and patch cut watersheds. Logging itself was not an important sediment contributor. Methods for sampling bed load and suspended sediment were developed. Bed load constituted 70 percent of suspended load during peak discharges.
Describes: (1) the human activities that may have contributed to the high turbidity levels in western Oregon's municipal watersheds in Feb. 1996, & (2) the efforts under way by federal, state, local, & private land managers & owners, as well as the affected cities, to ensure safe drinking water during future storms. The review is limited to five municipal watersheds -- those serving the cities of Cottage Grove, Eugene, Portland, Salem, & Sandy. Contains recommendations to the Secretary of Agriculture & of the Interior designed to increase the efficiency & effectiveness of efforts to improve water quality & ensure safe drinking water for cities in western Oregon.
An comprehensive working reference, Watershed Hydrology begins with an overview of the hydrologic cycle and examines the basic concepts of storage in that cycle. The well-organized chapters cover topics such as: water and energy, storage of water in the atmosphere, water in the vegetative zone, water in the terrasphere (soil), water in the hydrosphere, and watershed management.
Whether tributary habitat improvements have achieved, or are likely to achieve, the goal of recovering conditions favoring the production of salmonids in the Columbia River Basin is unclear. This report reviews the approaches, assessment procedures, and implementation strategies for habit improvement. It examines topics central to the recovery of tributary habitat: (1) the biological objectives related to habitat recovery; (2) the strategies for implementing restoration; (3) the incentives for implementing restoration; (4) the scientific foundation for habitat recovery; and (5) monitoring and evaluation. This review answers the question: What concepts and strategies should be incorporated in habitat recovery actions to improve their chances for success? Illus.