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Air Force Doctrine ANNEX 3-0 Operations and Planning 4 November 2016 Air Force Doctrine Annex 3-0 is the Air Force's foundational doctrine publication on strategy and operational design, planning, employment, and assessment of airpower. It presents the Air Force's most extensive explanation of the effects-based approach to operations (EBAO) and contains the Air Force's doctrinal discussion of operational design and some practical considerations for designing operations to coerce or influence adversaries. It presents doctrine on cross-domain integration and steady-state operations-emerging, but validated concepts that are integral to and fully complement EBAO. It establishes the framework for Air Force components to function and fight as part of a larger joint and multinational team. Specific guidance on particular types of Air Force operations can be found in other operational-level doctrine as well as Air Force tactics, techniques, and procedures documents. This publication conveys basic understanding of key design and planning processes and how they are interrelated. It also educates Airmen in ways of thinking through these processes.
This United States Air Force USAF manual, Air Force Doctrine Publication AFDP 3-60 Targeting November 2021, provides the fundamental principles for targeting which is the process of selecting and prioritizing targets and matching the appropriate response while taking account of command objectives, operational requirements, and capabilities. This process is systematic, comprehensive, and continuous. Combined with a clear understanding of operational requirements, capabilities, and limitations, the targeting process identifies, selects, and exploits critical vulnerabilities within targeted systems to achieve the commanders' desired end state. Targeting is a command function requiring commander oversight and involvement to ensure proper execution. It is not the exclusive province of one specialty or division, such as intelligence or operations, but blends the expertise of many disciplines. Targeting occurs at all levels of warfare (strategic, operational, and tactical), across the competition continuum and over the full range of Air Force operations. It helps translate strategy into discrete actions by linking ends, ways, means, and risks. It allows commanders to choose the best ways to attain desired outcomes. From strategy comes the plans and guidance used to task specific capabilities through the tasking process. The processes of planning, tasking, targeting, and assessing effects provide a logical progression that forms the basis of decision-making. Targeting is often tied only to the kinetic delivery of capabilities. However, joint force commander objectives can be accomplished through a variety of non-kinetic capabilities and actions to create lethal and nonlethal effects. All of this involves the targeting process. To optimize military action, targeting should integrate the full spectrum of capabilities including conventional and nuclear operations. This allows joint forces to continue the fight in, around, and through nuclear or radiological environments. In addition, targeting should occur well before hostilities and continue through post-hostilities.
This Air Force Doctrine Document (AFDD) implements Air Force Policy Directive (AFPD) 10-13, Air and Space Doctrine. AFDD 3-1 Air Warfare establishes operational doctrine for air warfare. It provides initial guidance for conducting air operations as part of aerospace warfare. Specifically, this document contains beliefs and principles that guide the organization, command and control, employment, and support of air forces conducting wartime operations. It examines relationships among objectives, forces, environments, and actions that enhance the ability of air operations to contribute to achieving assigned objectives. It focuses on the sequencing of events and the application of forces and resources to ensure aerospace power makes useful contributions to military and national objectives. It examines the importance of command relationships, intelligence, space, logistics, and other factors to the planning and conduct of air warfare.
Air Force Doctrine Volume 3 Command 22 November 2016 This product is a synopsis of key points across the doctrine database. Its purpose is to provide senior leaders with a quick review of key doctrinal points across a wide range of material. It is not meant as a substitute for deeper familiarization with the referenced material. Staff members supporting senior leadership should be familiar with the greater context found in the referenced sources.
This Air Force Doctrine Document (AFDD) establishes doctrinal guidance for combat support to air and space forces across the full range of military operations. "Combat Support" is the keystone document addressing the full spectrum of agile combat support functions that operate in peace and in war. It stresses the need for tailored combat support packages with the Airmen, facilities, equipment, and supplies required for supporting Air Force forces. Air and space forces respond to global taskings within hours. The support for these forces must be equally responsive. This is the challenging job of combat support, the foundation of air and space power. Air and space expeditionary task forces employment capabilities demand rapid positioning of force packages to achieve combat, peacekeeping, counterdrug, and nation building effects. Air Force agile combat support capabilities are provided by people and organizations responsible for planning, programming, and sustaining the forces; determining who and what are deployed; as well as how they arrive and return home safely. Agile combat support is an Air Force distinctive capability that touches every functional area and is key to meeting the US Air Force's mission to organize, train, equip, and employ air and space power. The dedicated support of our people makes agile combat support a reality. The goal of agile combat support is to provide the most capable air and space forces to combatant commanders.
Much has changed in the overall operational environment in the past few years. The character of contemporary conflict has driven a significant shift in the US approach to warfighting. The large-scale, complex, force-on-force scenarios that drove much of Cold War planning, and were executed in Operation DESERT STORM and the opening stage of Operation IRAQI FREEDOM are now viewed almost as the exception, replaced by the careful, precise, and relatively measured pace of irregular warfare against nontraditional enemies. Adversary capabilities may range from long-range, precision-guided attacks to explosive vests worn by suicide bombers. The threat of mass destruction from chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons will likely expand from stable nation-states to less stable states and even non-state networks. These changes have significant, long-term implications for the planning and conduct of US operations: The need for current, precise, and detailed analysis requires a continuing expansion in the scale of information collection and processing; networks are as important as a single bullet or bomb. Sensors, shooters, and fusion centers are routinely interconnected worldwide to achieve a unified battle rhythm, and Threats against the US homeland will increase. The United States can expect future opponents to launch both terrorist and unconventional attacks on the territory of the United States. Civil, military, and industrial cyber networks have already seen an upswing in probes, intrusions, exploitations, and attacks. The proliferation of commercially available technology will allow adversaries to develop niche capabilities that will threaten, in varying degrees, the successful conduct of operations in areas where US forces were previously unchallenged. Space and cyber networks are increasingly vulnerable to a wide array of new threats. Adversary anti-access capabilities will continue to improve, challenging US ability to project power and influence. Countering these capabilities is vital to assure freedom of action in, through, and from air, space, and cyberspace. Air Force Doctrine Document 3-12, Cyberspace Operations, is the Air Force's foundational doctrine publication for Air Force operations in, through, and from the cyberspace domain. This document means to provide insight for Airmen to follow. This document speaks to Air Force support of maintaining Cyberspace Superiority, a common military function. Chapter 1, Cyberspace Fundamentals, establishes the fundamental nature and context of Air Force cyberspace operations in this newly defined operational environment. This chapter defines fundamental terms and concepts for cyberspace operations. Discussions in this chapter include the strategic environment, general strategic policy, missions, military challenges, the Airman's perspective, relationship to other doctrine, principles of war, tenets of airpower, and cross-domain integration. Chapter 2, Command and Organization, describes the command, control, and organization of cyberspace forces. It depicts operational-level policy, command relationships, and commander roles and responsibilities. It discusses how global and theater cyberspace operations will be conducted through integrated command, control, and organization of military capabilities to achieve JFC objectives. Chapter 3, Design, Planning, Execution, and Assessment, describes how Air Force cyberspace operations are designed, planned, executed, and assessed. Also described are legal concerns, logistics, and operational considerations across the range of military operations. Appendix A, Ten Things Every Airman Must Know, is a list of ten things that every Airman ought to know, with respect to cyberspace operations. Appendix B, Policy and Doctrine Related to Cyberspace Operations, matrix includes recent and relevant National, Department of Defense-level, joint, and Air Force documents, publications, and doctrine which are related to cyberspace operations.
The US Air Force provides unique warfighting capabilities that are essential to joint operations. Foremost among these capabilities is the ability to rapidly focus American combat power and life-saving resources anywhere on the planet. Frequently, and especially in the opening stages of a conflict, air and space power may be the main manifestation of combat power we bring to bear against an adversary. Of these capabilities, the Air Force provides a very singular form of power: the ability to rapidly position and sustain forces at places and times of our choosing. This pivotal capability—air mobility—is the essential ingredient for modern US expeditionary operations and supports joint force commander-desired effects to deter, dissuade, or destroy the enemy. Force projection provides for presence, mass and maneuver, surprise, security and economy. It is the sum of an impressive fleet of transport and aerial refueling aircraft, underpinned by a flexible support system, and operated by a specialized cadre of active duty Air Force, Air Force Reserve, Air National Guard, and Air Force civilian personnel. While other forms of American military power have some degree of inherent mobility, the scale of flexibility and responsiveness of the Air Force's air mobility forces is singular in the history of world conflict. This Air Force Doctrine Document (AFDD) 3-17, Air Mobility Operations, has been prepared under the direction of the Chief of Staff of the Air Force. This document establishes doctrinal guidance for the application of the air mobility forces and is consistent with, and complementary to, capstone doctrine contained in AFDD 1, Air Force Basic Doctrine, and AFDD 2, Operations and Organization. AFDD 3-17 serves as the keystone doctrine document for employing airlift, air refueling, and air mobility support elements as an integrated system of operations.
Military operations in the 21st century are highly complex and require detailed planning across components to be both effective and efficient. Recent conflicts have demonstrated the need for airspace control in varying levels of conflict, from major operations and campaigns to stability operations. We share airspace during military operations with civil users, nongovernmental organizations, coalition military forces, and host nation users. We must ensure the safety of all users, even if combat operations are ongoing while civil aviation continues. The doctrine outlined in this document enables combat effectiveness while promoting the safe, efficient, and flexible use of airspace with a minimum of restraint placed upon airspace users. Our doctrine for airspace control rests upon the Air Force tenet of centralized control and decentralized execution. The Air Force theater air control system provides the commander, Air Force forces the ability to conduct theater-wide air operations and typically forms the backbone of the theater air ground system. This system integrates the efforts of all components to maximize the efficiency of air operations throughout the theater. The joint force commander (JFC) normally designates the commander of Air Force forces as the joint force air component commander, airspace control authority, and area air defense commander. The air component commander, as the airspace control authority, develops the airspace control plan (ACP) on behalf of the JFC. The airspace control authority cannot restrict combat operations by other components. However, should the JFC decide to enact restrictions on air operations during certain phases of the operation, the ACP will detail those restrictions. The ACP, when signed by the JFC, contains policies and procedures that flow directly from the JFC's authority. Our doctrine is broadly stated to fit varying levels of contingencies and diverse geographical areas, while encompassing joint and multinational operations. Study it, discuss it, and be ready to recommend improvements to it based upon your unique experiences. We must be able to articulate the unique contributions Airmen make to provide a safe, reliable, and flexible environment for all friendly airspace users. Air Force Doctrine Document (AFDD) 3-52, Airspace Control, is the Air Force's foundational doctrinal publication on Air Force airspace control operations and organization. AFDD 3-52 presents Air Force-sanctioned ideas, lessons learned, and best practices to help Airmen conceptualize and articulate their role in airspace control operations. The publication introduces and develops the Air Force's role in integrating controlling agencies and joint airspace users into the theater-wide mission of the joint force commander. It establishes the foundations for developing Air Force education on airspace control and the subsequent development of sound tactics, techniques, and procedures.
Air Force Doctrine Annex 3-13 Information Operations 28 April 2016 The purpose of information operations (IO) is to affect adversary and potential adversary decision making with the intent to ultimately affect their behavior in ways that help achieve friendly objectives. Information operations is defined as "the integrated employment, during military operations, of information-related capabilities [IRCs] in concert with other lines of operation to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp the decision making of adversaries and potential adversaries while protecting our own." Deliberate targeting of an adversary's decision making process is enabled by understanding the cognitive factors related to that process, the information that they use, and how they receive and send information. IO is an integrating function, which means that it incorporates capabilities to plan, execute, and assess the information used by adversary decision makers, with the intent of influencing, disrupting, corrupting, or usurping that process. This is not the same as integrating non-lethal capabilities and activities, which may or may not have a behavior-related objective as their primary purpose.
Air Force Doctrine ANNEX 3-14 SPACE OPERATIONS 19 June 2012 Historically, militaries have viewed the "high ground" as essential to maintaining the advantage in warfare. With rare exception, whichever forces owned the high ground gained superior ability to maneuver and maintain visibility of the operational environment to effectively "own the fight." In that tradition, space assets orbiting high above our planet's surface offer a superior position and an expansive view of the Earth, as satellites can observe, collect, and disseminate information and enable command and control (C2) of US and allied forces globally. The Air Force views space operations as integral to joint force planning and operations. Space operations involve space superiority and mission assurance. The essence of space superiority is controlling the ultimate high ground of space. However, space superiority is focused on mission assurance rather than dominating or "owning" space. The ultimate goal of achieving space superiority should be to maintain our own space capabilities when contested and ensure unhindered mission continuity through any conflict.