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This guideline defines ventilation and then natural ventilation. It explores the design requirements for natural ventilation in the context of infection control, describing the basic principles of design, construction, operation and maintenance for an effective natural ventilation system to control infection in health-care settings.
"Nurses play a vital role in improving the safety and quality of patient car -- not only in the hospital or ambulatory treatment facility, but also of community-based care and the care performed by family members. Nurses need know what proven techniques and interventions they can use to enhance patient outcomes. To address this need, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), with additional funding from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, has prepared this comprehensive, 1,400-page, handbook for nurses on patient safety and quality -- Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. (AHRQ Publication No. 08-0043)." - online AHRQ blurb, http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/nurseshdbk/
Although nosocomial, or hospital-acquired, infections have been well cataloged and are fairly well understood, traditional solutions have failed to completely eliminate the problem. Even the most modern hospitals find themselves stymied by the persistence of these pathogens in hospital wards and operating rooms. The degree to which most of these infections are airborne is not known, but a growing body of evidence indicates that airborne transmission plays a role in many hospital-acquired infections. Addressing one of the most important topics in health care, Hospital Airborne Infection Control is the first book to deal with the control of airborne nosocomial infections in detail. It identifies all pathogens known or suspected to be airborne, along with their sources in hospital environments. It also summarizes all epidemiological evidence for airborne transmission. The text addresses respiratory, surgical site, burn wound, immunocompromised, pediatric, nursing home, and non-respiratory infections. In each category, an extensive number of examples show that inhalation is not the only airborne route by which infections may be transmitted. Noting that airborne transmission and surface contamination are virtually inseparable, the author emphasizes that both air and surface disinfection, including hand hygiene, are important factors in controlling the transmission of airborne disease. He also proposes a variety of new solutions and technologies, including ultraviolet, ionization, ozone, plasma, and vegetative air cleaning systems. A compendium of scientific and medical information, this book helps hospitals control nosocomial infections and outbreaks spread by the airborne route as well as by direct contact and contact with fomites or contaminated equipment.
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in late 2002 and 2003 challenged the global public health community to confront a novel epidemic that spread rapidly from its origins in southern China until it had reached more than 25 other countries within a matter of months. In addition to the number of patients infected with the SARS virus, the disease had profound economic and political repercussions in many of the affected regions. Recent reports of isolated new SARS cases and a fear that the disease could reemerge and spread have put public health officials on high alert for any indications of possible new outbreaks. This report examines the response to SARS by public health systems in individual countries, the biology of the SARS coronavirus and related coronaviruses in animals, the economic and political fallout of the SARS epidemic, quarantine law and other public health measures that apply to combating infectious diseases, and the role of international organizations and scientific cooperation in halting the spread of SARS. The report provides an illuminating survey of findings from the epidemic, along with an assessment of what might be needed in order to contain any future outbreaks of SARS or other emerging infections.
This is a well conceived and executed volume detailing in close to encyclopedic proportions the question of control of air borne contamination in hospital environments. Many different ap plication areas are described and well documented. Alternative solutions are presented in historical perspective with the neces sary scientific background to provide the uninitiated an oppor tunity to learn not only how to solve a particular problem but more critically why one solution is preferable to another. Every clinician concerned for his patients' welfare must consider the quality of the environment within the hospital--for only there is it potentially controllable Airborne dissemination of nosocomial infections are considered generally rare today. This may be the result of improved intrahospital environmental control or better infection control techniques. If one considers airborne contaminatiqn, real or potential, as undesirable within certain areas of a hospital then proper environmental control must be included in the framework of the physical and functional struc ture. Often it is difficult to specify which controls are needed for a specific application. Frequently this is a problem of in adequate knowledge of the application area and not the availability of technology. Too often, in the rush to provide a solution the newest and most sophisticated equipment is chosen, installed, and found to be more than is required for the task. To avoid these types of errors it is necessary to provide a series of alternative solutions for each problem.
Biocontamination Control for Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare outlines a biocontamination strategy that tracks bio-burden control and reduction at each transition in classified areas of a facility. The first edition of the book covered many of the aspects of the strategy, but the new official guidance signals that a roadmap is required to fully comply with its requirements. Completely updated with the newest version of the EU-GPM (EN17141) the new edition expands the coverage of quality risk management and new complete examples to help professionals bridge the gap between regulation and implementation. Biocontamination Control for Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare offers professionals in pharma quality control and related areas guidance on building a complete biocontamination strategy. - Includes the most current regulations - Contains three new chapters, including Application of Quality Risk Management and its Application in Biocontamination Control, Designing an Environmental Monitoring Programme, and Synthesis: An Anatomy of a Contamination Control Strategy - Offers practical guidance on building a complete biocontamination strategy
1. Introduction to Healthcare-associated Infections 2. Structural Organization of an Infection Control Program 3. Major Healthcare-associated Infection Types 4. Surveillance of Healthcare-associated Infections 5. Standard Precautions-I: Hand Hygiene 6. Standard Precautions-II: Personal Protective Equipment 7. Transmission-based Precautions 8. Infection Control in Special Situations 9. Disinfection Policy 10. Central Sterile Supply Department 11. Environmental Surveillance 12. Screening for Multidrug-resistant Organisms 13. Infection Control in Laundry 14. Infection Control in Kitchen and Food Safety 15. Waste Management in Healthcare Facility 16. Staff Health Issues-I: Needle Stick Injury Management 17. Staff Health Issues-II: Work Restriction and Vaccination 18. Outbreak Investigation 19. Antimicrobial Stewardship 20. Infection Control Requirements for Accreditation Index
This is an all new book designed to provide you the practical information and data you need for indoor air pollution control! Presented early in the book is theory as support for the applications that follow; including a synthesized review of the significant literature on controlling air pollution. Practical applications-largely from the author's own experience-deal with 1) How to conduct indoor air quality investigations in both residences and public access buildings, 2) Indoor air quality mitigation practice, and 3) Case histories. This book will be very useful to consultants and other professionals who grapple to solve real world problems. And it will make an excellent textbook for new courses in indoor air quality. Indoor Air Pollution Control will be used for control and prevention of contaminated air in homes, apartment buildings, office buildings (large and small), hospitals, auditoriums, and other public buildings.