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This book contains the edited versions of papers presented at the Fourth Irish Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science (AICS'91), which was held at University College, Cork, Ireland on 19-20 September 1991. The main aims of this annual conference series are to promote AI research in Ireland, to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas amongst different disciplines concerned with the study of cognition, and to provide an opportunity for industry to see what research is being carried out in Ireland and how it might benefit from the results of this research. While most of the participants at the conference came from universities and companies within Ireland, a positive feature was the interest shown from outside the country, resulting in participants from Britain, USA and Italy. The keynote speaker was Professor James A. Bowen, North Carolina State University, who spoke on future trends in knowledge representation. The topics covered in the presented papers included fundamental approaches to AI, natural language, knowledge representation, information retrieval, deduction, epistemics and vision. The sponsors of the conference were Digital Equipment Co. (Galway) and Eolas, the Irish Science and Technology Board. March 1992 Humphrey Sorensen Contents Section 1: Foundations and Methodologies Toward a New Foundation for Cognitive Science S. 6 Nuallain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Towards an Adequate Cognitive Model of Analogical Mapping M. T. Keane and S. Duff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 HOST: A HOlistic System Theory G. Hartnett and H. Sorensen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The book focuses on a conceptual flaw in contemporary artificial intelligence and cognitive science. Many people have discovered diverse manifestations and facets of this flaw, but the central conceptual impasse is at best only partially perceived. Its consequences, nevertheless, visit themselves asdistortions and failures of multiple research projects - and make impossible the ultimate aspirations of the fields. The impasse concerns a presupposition concerning the nature of representation - that all representation has the nature of encodings: encodingism. Encodings certainly exist, butencodingism is at root logically incoherent; any programmatic research predicted on it is doomed too distortion and ultimate failure. The impasse and its consequences - and steps away from that impasse - are explored in a large number of projects and approaches. These include SOAR, CYC, PDP, situated cognition, subsumption architecture robotics, and the frame problems - a general survey of the current research in AI and Cognitive Science emerges. Interactivism, an alternative model of representation, is proposed and examined.
This book presents interdisciplinary research on cognition, mind and behavior from an information processing perspective. It includes chapters on Artificial Intelligence, Decision Support Systems, Machine Learning, Data Mining and Support Vector Machines, chiefly with regard to the data obtained and analyzed in Medical Informatics, Bioinformatics and related disciplines. The book reflects the state-of-the-art in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science, and covers theory, algorithms, numerical simulation, error and uncertainty analysis, as well novel applications of new processing techniques in Biomedical Informatics, Computer Science and its applied areas. As such, it offers a valuable resource for students and researchers from the fields of Computer Science and Engineering in Medicine and Biology.
The annual Irish Conferences on Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science have become the major forum in Ireland for the discussion of various aspects of artificial intelligence. Their aim is to provide a forum where researchers can present their current work, and where industrial and commercial users can relate this work to their own practical needs and experiences. Although the emphasis of the conferences is on Irish research, there are also important contributions from Europe, Australia, Canada, and the USA. This volume is based on the proceedings of the Fifth Irish Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science (AICS'92), which was held at the University of Limerick, Ireland, from 10-11 September 1992. The conference was divided into 6 sessions, covering knowledge representation, cognitive foundations, natural language 1 and 2, learning and expert systems, and nov§ el aspects of artificial intelligence and cognitive science. Because of the high number of papers submitted to the conference, a poster session was run in addition to the plenary sessions. Each paper presented at the poster session is represented in this volume by a four page abstract. Among the specific topics covered in this volume are: a model-based theory of conceptual combination; the nature and development of reasoning strategies; word recognition as a parsing problem; a knowledge-based autonomous vehicle system for emergency management support; the construction and use of scope neutral discourse entities; computer-based iconic communication; and exceptions in multiple inheritance systems. AI and Cognitive Science '92 provides a comprehensive record of current research into this important field. It will be of interest to researchers, lecturers and postgraduate students in a variety of disciplines related to artificial intelligence and cognitive science.
Since the 1970s the cognitive sciences have offered multidisciplinary ways of understanding the mind and cognition. The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (MITECS) is a landmark, comprehensive reference work that represents the methodological and theoretical diversity of this changing field. At the core of the encyclopedia are 471 concise entries, from Acquisition and Adaptationism to Wundt and X-bar Theory. Each article, written by a leading researcher in the field, provides an accessible introduction to an important concept in the cognitive sciences, as well as references or further readings. Six extended essays, which collectively serve as a roadmap to the articles, provide overviews of each of six major areas of cognitive science: Philosophy; Psychology; Neurosciences; Computational Intelligence; Linguistics and Language; and Culture, Cognition, and Evolution. For both students and researchers, MITECS will be an indispensable guide to the current state of the cognitive sciences.
Cognitive Design for Artificial Minds explains the crucial role that human cognition research plays in the design and realization of artificial intelligence systems, illustrating the steps necessary for the design of artificial models of cognition. It bridges the gap between the theoretical, experimental, and technological issues addressed in the context of AI of cognitive inspiration and computational cognitive science. Beginning with an overview of the historical, methodological, and technical issues in the field of cognitively inspired artificial intelligence, Lieto illustrates how the cognitive design approach has an important role to play in the development of intelligent AI technologies and plausible computational models of cognition. Introducing a unique perspective that draws upon Cybernetics and early AI principles, Lieto emphasizes the need for an equivalence between cognitive processes and implemented AI procedures, in order to realize biologically and cognitively inspired artificial minds. He also introduces the Minimal Cognitive Grid, a pragmatic method to rank the different degrees of biological and cognitive accuracy of artificial systems in order to project and predict their explanatory power with respect to the natural systems taken as a source of inspiration. Providing a comprehensive overview of cognitive design principles in constructing artificial minds, this text will be essential reading for students and researchers of artificial intelligence and cognitive science.
In Cognitive Science 3e Friedenberg and Silverman provide a solid understanding of the major theoretical and empirical contributions of cognitive science. Their text, thoroughly updated for this new third edition, describes the major theories of mind as well as the major experimental results that have emerged within each cognitive science discipline. Throughout history, different fields of inquiry have attempted to understand the great mystery of mind and answer questions like: What is the mind? How do we see, think, and remember? Can we create machines that are conscious and capable of self-awareness? This books examines these questions and many more. Focusing on the approach of a particular cognitive science field in each chapter, the authors describe its methodology, theoretical perspective, and findings and then offer a critical evaluation of the field. Features: Offers a wide-ranging, comprehensive, and multidisciplinary introduction to the field of cognitive science and issues of mind. Interdisciplinary Crossroads” sections at the end of each chapter focus on research topics that have been investigated from multiple perspectives, helping students to understand the link between varying disciplines and cognitive science. End-of-chapter “Summing Up” sections provide a concise summary of the major points addressed in each chapter to facilitate student comprehension and exam preparation “Explore More” sections link students to the Student Study Site where the authors have provided activities to help students more quickly master course content and prepare for examinations Supplements: A password-protected Instructor’s Resource contains PowerPoint lectures, a test bank and other pedagogical material.The book's Study Site features Web links, E-flash cards, and interactive quizzes.
AISB91 is the eighth conference organized by the Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour. It is not only the oldest regular conference in Europe on AI - which spawned the ECAI conferences in 1982 - but it is also the conference that has a tradition for focusing on research as opposed to applications. The 1991 edition of the conference was no different in this respect. On the contrary, research, and particularly newly emerging research dir ections such as knowledge level expert systems research, neural networks and emergent functionality in autonomous agents, was strongly emphasised. The conference was organized around the following sessions: dis tributed intelligent agents, situatedness and emergence in autonomous agents, new modes of reasoning, the knowledge level perspective, and theorem proving and machine learning. Each of these sessions is discussed below in more detail. DISTRIBUTED INTELLIGENT AGENTS Research in distributed AI is concerned with the problem of how multiple agents and societies of agents can be organized to co-operate and collectively solve a problem. The first paper by Chakravarty (MIT) focuses on the problem of evolving agents in the context of Minsky's society of mind theory. It addesses the question of how new agents can be formed by transforming existing ones and illustrates the theory with an example from game playing. Smieja (GMD, Germany) focuses on the problem of organizing networks of agents which consist internally of neural networks.
How would you assemble a machine that can be creative, what would its cogs be? Starting from how humans do creative problem solving, the author has developed a framework to explore whether a diverse set of creative problem-solving tasks can be solved computationally using a unified set of principles. In this book she describes the implementation of related prototype AI systems, and the computational and empirical experiments conducted. The book will be of interest to researchers, graduate students, and laypeople engaged with ideas in artificial intelligence, cognitive science, and creativity.
Originating from a Dagstuhl seminar, the collection of papers presented in this book constitutes on the one hand a representative state-of-the-art survey of embodied artificial intelligence, and on the other hand the papers identify the important research trends and directions in the field. Following an introductory overview, the 23 papers are organized into topical sections on - philosophical and conceptual issues - information, dynamics, and morphology - principles of embodiment for real-world applications - developmental approaches - artificial evolution and self-reconfiguration