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Of the ten Central and Eastern European countries that have applied for membership in the European Union, Romania ranks among the largest and most impoverished. Romania represents the final challenge in the European Union's enlargement to the east, largely due to its major, but underdeveloped, agriculture and food sectors. The agriculture industry, which is a major component of the national economy, extends its pervasive influence to both Romanian social life and environment. Consequently, the transition towards a market oriented economic system will pose new obstacles for the country's farmers, processors, traders, and policymakers. While identifying the impediments that surround Romanian agriculture and its inevitable progression towards transition is a simple task, the challenges lie in recommending solutions. Through careful analysis of numerous recent studies on reform policies in the Romanian agri-food sector during its economic transition, this comprehensive examination offers perspicacious suggestions and insights on the following topics in particular: international trade, credit for agricultural development, price policies, and rural development. The conclusions reached are not only of domestic importance and application, they are also of immediate relevance for many post-socialist countries, for which the agri-food sector is a principal vehicle for rural development.
This proceedings of an OECD Experts Meeting examines agricultural finance and credit infrastructure in transition economies.
From the Abstract: This volume examines the reforms and policy changes necessary in the rural sectors or the ten countries that have started the accession process for eventual membership in the European Union (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia). The papers in this volume are selected from the presentations at the Third World Bank/FAO EU Accession Workshop held in Sofia, Bulgaria, on June 17-20, 2000, and are organized around four topics: (i) defining the concepts of rural development-options for EU accession candidate countries; (ii) rural development in the European Union; (iii) rural development in Central and Eastern Europe; and (iv) international experiences and the role of international organizations in supporting rural development in the EU accession candidate countries. This volume is intended for agricultural policy makers and government officials in the candidate countries, EU officials, World Bank and FAO staff, development scholars, and all others interested in the process of rural development in Central and Eastern Europe.
The fall of the Soviet Union was a transformative event for the national political economies of Eastern Europe, leading not only to new regimes of ownership and development but to dramatic changes in the natural world itself. This painstakingly researched volume focuses on the emblematic case of postsocialist Romania, in which the transition from collectivization to privatization profoundly reshaped the nation’s forests, farmlands, and rivers. From bureaucrats abetting illegal deforestation to peasants opposing government agricultural policies, it reveals the social and political mechanisms by which neoliberalism was introduced into the Romanian landscape.
This report provides a detailed analysis of economic developments in central and eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and their transition to open market economies. Country-by-country assessments look at key areas of reform, as well giving the latest macroeconomic data. It focuses on the theme of agriculture and rural transition, and issues considered include: variations in agricultural reforms and the political factors influencing this variation, the rural business environment; and the links between farms and other enterprises. The report also analyses the second round of the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey, covering close to 6,000 enterprises in 26 countries and examines progress since the first round of the survey.
Transitions, Institutions and the Rural Sector is a series of essays examining and analyzing the rural transformations in the transition economies of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The authors included in this volume employ a variety of interesting and insightful approaches to the topic, including synthetic regional analysis, analytic comparative studies, and unique case studies drawn from fieldwork. The first part of the book presents comparative studies of agrarian reform during the past decade of transition, while the second contains detailed studies of individual countries. Part of the Rural Economies in Transition series,Transitions, Institutions and the Rural Sector explores the complexities of rural transformations and the often unanticipated challenges faced by both the public and private sector in developing countries. Editor Max Spoor has assembled a set of thoroughly researched and persuasively argued pieces that fill a major gap in the scholarship on transition economies.
The report, comprising a main report and case studies on Canada, France, Greece, Japan, New Zealand, Norway and Switzerland, addresses socio-economic developement of rural areas.
The subject matter of the volume is part of larger research agenda on the process of land collectivization in the former communist camp, focusing on state, identity and property. The main innovation of the volume is to apply recent interdisciplinary approaches to the study of the collectivization process, asking what types of new peasant-state relations it formed and how it transformed notions of self, persons, and things (such as land). The project conceived of changes in the system of ownership as causing changes in the identity and attitude of people; similarly, it regarded the study of personal identities as essential for understanding changes in the system of ownership. This perspective is rare in the area-studies approaches to the topic.