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This annual report monitors and evaluates agricultural policies spanning all six continents, including the 36 OECD countries, the five non-OECD EU Member States, and 13 emerging economies.
This volume sets out a strategy for raising rural incomes which emphasises the creation of diversified rural economies with opportunities within and outside agriculture.
This annual report monitors and evaluates agricultural policies in 54 countries, including the 38 OECD countries, the five non-OECD EU Member States, and 11 emerging economies. This year’s report focuses on policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and analyses the implications of agricultural support policies for the performance of food systems.
Argentina’s agricultural sector has undergone a considerable innovation process over the last two decades. This transformation was mostly led by a dynamic and pro-active private sector often subject to policies providing negative support via export restrictions and taxes. The rapid adoption of ...
This annual report monitors and evaluates agricultural policies spanning all 6 continents, including the 36 OECD countries, the 6 non-OECD EU Member States, and 12 emerging economies. It is a unique source of up-to date estimates of support to agriculture using a comprehensive system of measuring and classifying support to agriculture – the Producer and Consumer Support Estimates (PSEs and CSEs), the General Services Support Estimate (GSSE) and related indicators – which provide insight into the increasingly complex nature of agricultural policy and serve as a basis for OECD’s agricultural policy monitoring and evaluation.
This report analyzes agricultural policy in Argentina, in particular with respect to the degree of support producers and consumers receive. Available evidence suggests that: (i) as a result of export taxes, in most periods, domestic agricultural output prices have been lower than international prices; (ii) despite the previous finding, Argentine agriculture has shown a remarkable capacity for productivity and output growth; and (iii) since the 2016 crop year, significant changes in the agricultural policy environment have taken place. The analysis of available data also shows that significant changes are occurring in aspects such as farm size and in the linkages between production, input supply, and the output processing sector. The report also analyzes the support the public sector provided to producers in the form of funding for agricultural research, infrastructure, and other “public good” type of investments.
From the twentieth century until World War II, Argentina was a leading exporter of agricultural goods. In the early 1980s, agriculture accounted for roughly 57 percent of the country's total exports. During the period covered by this study (1961 to 1985), Argentina's trade policy, which was carried out through export taxes on the main agricultural and agroindustrial products and through industrial protection, was designed to discriminate against most exports vis-a-vis imports. This study examines the impact of trade and exchange rate policies on wheat, corn, sorghum, soybeans, sunflower seeds and beef production. One of its prinicipal findings is that direct price intervention substantially reduced producer prices and that industrial protection policies and overvaluation of the real exchange rate taxed agriculture even more than direct interventions. The study also explores the political factors underlying the establishment of policies that had these negative effects. The main conclusion is that external events, such as the Great Depression and World War II led to a fall in export prices and to higher import prices. Policies were established in the post war period to maintain the protection to import-substitutes and the taxation of agriculture. Export taxes were seen as a way of keeping domestic food prices low and of improving fiscal equilibrium by producing larger tax revenues.
The report, comprising a main report and case studies on Canada, France, Greece, Japan, New Zealand, Norway and Switzerland, addresses socio-economic developement of rural areas.
Recognising the challenge facing policy makers who wish to design more precisely targeted policies, this study defines the operational characteristics of targeted policies and illustrates best practice with examples. It examines the relationship between target variables and objectives, implementation issues such as choice of instruments and support level, delivery mechanisms and levels of administration at which policies are implemented, based on examples of targeted policies implemented in OECD countries.
Norway is performing unevenly across its four agricultural policy objectives. While Norway enjoys a high level of food security and is meeting its aim of maintaining agricultural production across the country, both environmental performance and the efficient creation of value added along the food chain are compromised by support policies linked to production levels.