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As embedded systems become more complex, designers face a number of challenges at different levels: they need to boost performance, while keeping energy consumption as low as possible, they need to reuse existent software code, and at the same time they need to take advantage of the extra logic available in the chip, represented by multiple processors working together. This book describes several strategies to achieve such different and interrelated goals, by the use of adaptability. Coverage includes reconfigurable systems, dynamic optimization techniques such as binary translation and trace reuse, new memory architectures including homogeneous and heterogeneous multiprocessor systems, communication issues and NOCs, fault tolerance against fabrication defects and soft errors, and finally, how one can combine several of these techniques together to achieve higher levels of performance and adaptability. The discussion also includes how to employ specialized software to improve this new adaptive system, and how this new kind of software must be designed and programmed.
This book describes model-based development of adaptive embedded systems, which enable improved functionality using the same resources. The techniques presented facilitate design from a higher level of abstraction, focusing on the problem domain rather than on the solution domain, thereby increasing development efficiency. Models are used to capture system specifications and to implement (manually or automatically) system functionality. The authors demonstrate the real impact of adaptivity on engineering of embedded systems by providing several industrial examples of the models used in the development of adaptive embedded systems.
"This book addresses the development of reconfigurable embedded control systems and describes various problems in this important research area, which include static and dynamic (manual or automatic) reconfigurations, multi-agent architectures, modeling and verification, component-based approaches, architecture description languages, distributed reconfigurable architectures, real-time and low power scheduling, execution models, and the implementation of such systems"--
This book presents techniques for energy reduction in adaptive embedded multimedia systems, based on dynamically reconfigurable processors. The approach described will enable designers to meet performance/area constraints, while minimizing video quality degradation, under various, run-time scenarios. Emphasis is placed on implementing power/energy reduction at various abstraction levels. To enable this, novel techniques for adaptive energy management at both processor architecture and application architecture levels are presented, such that both hardware and software adapt together, minimizing overall energy consumption under unpredictable, design-/compile-time scenarios.
This book provides a good opportunity for software engineering practitioners and researchers to get in sync with the current state-of-the-art and future trends in component-based embedded software research. The book is based on a selective compilation of papers that cover the complete component-based embedded software spectrum, ranging from methodology to tools. Methodology aspects covered by the book include functional and non-functional specification, validation, verification, and component architecture. As tools are a critical success factor in the transfer from academia-generated knowledge to industry-ready technology, an important part of the book is devoted to tools. This state-of-the-art survey contains 16 carefully selected papers organised in topical sections on specification and verification, component compatibility, component architectures, implementation and tool support, as well as non-functional properties.
Rugged Embedded Systems: Computing in Harsh Environments describes how to design reliable embedded systems for harsh environments, including architectural approaches, cross-stack hardware/software techniques, and emerging challenges and opportunities. A "harsh environment" presents inherent characteristics, such as extreme temperature and radiation levels, very low power and energy budgets, strict fault tolerance and security constraints, etc. that challenge the computer system in its design and operation. To guarantee proper execution (correct, safe, and low-power) in such scenarios, this contributed work discusses multiple layers that involve firmware, operating systems, and applications, as well as power management units and communication interfaces. This book also incorporates use cases in the domains of unmanned vehicles (advanced cars and micro aerial robots) and space exploration as examples of computing designs for harsh environments. - Provides a deep understanding of embedded systems for harsh environments by experts involved in state-of-the-art autonomous vehicle-related projects - Covers the most important challenges (fault tolerance, power efficiency, and cost effectiveness) faced when developing rugged embedded systems - Includes case studies exploring embedded computing for autonomous vehicle systems (advanced cars and micro aerial robots) and space exploration
This book presents new software engineering approaches and methods, discussing real-world problems and exploratory research that describes novel approaches, modern design techniques, hybrid algorithms and empirical methods. This book constitutes part of the refereed proceedings of the Software Engineering and Algorithms in Intelligent Systems Section of the 7th Computer Science On-line Conference 2018 (CSOC 2018), held in April 2018.
An increasing demand on functionality and flexibility leads to an integration of beforehand isolated system solutions building a so-called System of Systems (SoS). Furthermore, the overall SoS should be adaptive to react on changing requirements and environmental conditions. Due SoS are composed of different independent systems that may join or leave the overall SoS at arbitrary point in times, the SoS structure varies during the systems lifetime and the overall SoS behavior emerges from the capabilities of the contained subsystems. In such complex system ensembles new demands of understanding the interaction among subsystems, the coupling of shared system knowledge and the influence of local adaptation strategies to the overall resulting system behavior arise. In this report, we formulate research questions with the focus of modeling interactions between system parts inside a SoS. Furthermore, we define our notion of important system types and terms by retrieving the current state of the art from literature. Having a common understanding of SoS, we discuss a set of typical SoS characteristics and derive general requirements for a collaboration modeling language. Additionally, we retrieve a broad spectrum of real scenarios and frameworks from literature and discuss how these scenarios cope with different characteristics of SoS. Finally, we discuss the state of the art for existing modeling languages that cope with collaborations for different system types such as SoS.
Modern embedded systems require high performance, low cost and low power consumption. Such systems typically consist of a heterogeneous collection of processors, specialized memory subsystems, and partially programmable or fixed-function components. This heterogeneity, coupled with issues such as hardware/software partitioning, mapping, scheduling, etc., leads to a large number of design possibilities, making performance debugging and validation of such systems a difficult problem. Embedded systems are used to control safety critical applications such as flight control, automotive electronics and healthcare monitoring. Clearly, developing reliable software/systems for such applications is of utmost importance. This book describes a host of debugging and verification methods which can help to achieve this goal. - Covers the major abstraction levels of embedded systems design, starting from software analysis and micro-architectural modeling, to modeling of resource sharing and communication at the system level - Integrates formal techniques of validation for hardware/software with debugging and validation of embedded system design flows - Includes practical case studies to answer the questions: does a design meet its requirements, if not, then which parts of the system are responsible for the violation, and once they are identified, then how should the design be suitably modified?
"This book offers a variety of perspectives on multimodal user interface design, describes a variety of novel multimodal applications and provides several experience reports with experimental and industry-adopted mobile multimodal applications"--Provided by publisher.