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Intended for category theorists and logicians familiar with basic category theory, this book focuses on categorical model theory, which is concerned with the categories of models of infinitary first order theories, called accessible categories. The starting point is a characterization of accessible categories in terms of concepts familiar from Gabriel-Ulmer's theory of locally presentable categories. Most of the work centers on various constructions (such as weighted bilimits and lax colimits), which, when performed on accessible categories, yield new accessible categories. These constructions are necessarily 2-categorical in nature; the authors cover some aspects of 2-category theory, in addition to some basic model theory, and some set theory. One of the main tools used in this study is the theory of mixed sketches, which the authors specialize to give concrete results about model theory. Many examples illustrate the extent of applicability of these concepts. In particular, some applications to topos theory are given. Perhaps the book's most significant contribution is the way it sets model theory in categorical terms, opening the door for further work along these lines. Requiring a basic background in category theory, this book will provide readers with an understanding of model theory in categorical terms, familiarity with 2-categorical methods, and a useful tool for studying toposes and other categories.
Major shifts in the field of model theory in the twentieth century have seen the development of new tools, methods, and motivations for mathematicians and philosophers. In this book, John T. Baldwin places the revolution in its historical context from the ancient Greeks to the last century, argues for local rather than global foundations for mathematics, and provides philosophical viewpoints on the importance of modern model theory for both understanding and undertaking mathematical practice. The volume also addresses the impact of model theory on contemporary algebraic geometry, number theory, combinatorics, and differential equations. This comprehensive and detailed book will interest logicians and mathematicians as well as those working on the history and philosophy of mathematics.
Most of the model theory of modules works, with only minor modifications, in much more general additive contexts (such as functor categories, categories of comodules, categories of sheaves). Furthermore, even within a given category of modules, many subcategories form a ``self-sufficient'' context in which the model theory may be developed without reference to the larger category of modules. The notion of a definable additive category covers all these contexts. The (imaginaries) language which one uses for model theory in a definable additive category can be obtained from the category (of structures and homomorphisms) itself, namely, as the category of those functors to the category of abelian groups which commute with products and direct limits. Dually, the objects of the definable category--the modules (or functors, or comodules, or sheaves)--to which that model theory applies may be recovered as the exact functors from the, small abelian, category (the category of pp-imaginaries) which underlies that language.
This book analyzes the generation of the arrow-categories of a given category, which is a foundational and distinguishable Category Theory phenomena, in analogy to the foundational role of sets in the traditional set-based Mathematics, for defi nition of natural numbers as well. This inductive transformation of a category into the infinite hierarchy of the arrowcategories is extended to the functors and natural transformations. The author considers invariant categorial properties (the symmetries) under such inductive transformations. The book focuses in particular on Global symmetry (invariance of adjunctions) and Internal symmetries between arrows and objects in a category (in analogy to Field Theories like Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity). The second part of the book is dedicated to more advanced applications of Internal symmetry to Computer Science: for Intuitionistic Logic, Untyped Lambda Calculus with Fixpoint Operators, Labeled Transition Systems in Process Algebras and Modal logics as well as Data Integration Theory.
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Set theory is an autonomous and sophisticated field of mathematics that is extremely successful at analyzing mathematical propositions and gauging their consistency strength. It is as a field of mathematics that both proceeds with its own internal questions and is capable of contextualizing over a broad range, which makes set theory an intriguing and highly distinctive subject. This handbook covers the rich history of scientific turning points in set theory, providing fresh insights and points of view. Written by leading researchers in the field, both this volume and the Handbook as a whole are definitive reference tools for senior undergraduates, graduate students and researchers in mathematics, the history of philosophy, and any discipline such as computer science, cognitive psychology, and artificial intelligence, for whom the historical background of his or her work is a salient consideration - Serves as a singular contribution to the intellectual history of the 20th century - Contains the latest scholarly discoveries and interpretative insights
Proceedings of a conference held at Centre de recherches mathematiques of the Universite de Montreal, June 18-20, 2009.
The language of ∞-categories provides an insightful new way of expressing many results in higher-dimensional mathematics but can be challenging for the uninitiated. To explain what exactly an ∞-category is requires various technical models, raising the question of how they might be compared. To overcome this, a model-independent approach is desired, so that theorems proven with any model would apply to them all. This text develops the theory of ∞-categories from first principles in a model-independent fashion using the axiomatic framework of an ∞-cosmos, the universe in which ∞-categories live as objects. An ∞-cosmos is a fertile setting for the formal category theory of ∞-categories, and in this way the foundational proofs in ∞-category theory closely resemble the classical foundations of ordinary category theory. Equipped with exercises and appendices with background material, this first introduction is meant for students and researchers who have a strong foundation in classical 1-category theory.
Model theory is used in every theoretical branch of analytic philosophy: in philosophy of mathematics, in philosophy of science, in philosophy of language, in philosophical logic, and in metaphysics. But these wide-ranging uses of model theory have created a highly fragmented literature. On the one hand, many philosophically significant results are found only in mathematics textbooks: these are aimed squarely at mathematicians; they typically presuppose that the reader has a serious background in mathematics; and little clue is given as to their philosophical significance. On the other hand, the philosophical applications of these results are scattered across disconnected pockets of papers. The first aim of this book, then, is to explore the philosophical uses of model theory, focusing on the central topics of reference, realism, and doxology. Its second aim is to address important questions in the philosophy of model theory, such as: sameness of theories and structure, the boundaries of logic, and the classification of mathematical structures. Philosophy and Model Theory will be accessible to anyone who has completed an introductory logic course. It does not assume that readers have encountered model theory before, but starts right at the beginning, discussing philosophical issues that arise even with conceptually basic model theory. Moreover, the book is largely self-contained: model-theoretic notions are defined as and when they are needed for the philosophical discussion, and many of the most philosophically significant results are given accessible proofs.