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Qaboos bin Sa'id, Sultan of Oman from 1970 until his death in 2020, marked Omani history. He belonged to that very small circle of leaders who solemnized their time in power, transforming the Sultanate by empowering generations of citizens to lead constructive and fulfilling lives. Joseph Kéchichian provides a full assessment of the fourteenth Al Sa'id dynasty sovereign, setting out his vision for what was then a relatively isolated nation, championing the necessity for alliances, investing in people as well as the land, and founding key institutions that evolved over five decades. These achievements took time to materialize as Qaboos preserved Al Sa'id rule, governed wisely, avoided internal and external political entanglements, and passed the torch to his successor Haitham bin Tariq, who validated Al Sa'id authority upon becoming Sultan. A Sultanate that Endures is a companion volume to Oman and the World: The Emergence of an Independent Foreign Policy (RAND, 1995). It highlights Omani history, with a particular focus on the religious creed Ibadhiyyah that embraces tolerance and prevents injustice. The transition from a theocracy to a monarchy that established dynastic rule is discussed in the context of the Sultanate's millennial history, affirming its rulers' legitimacy and citizen acceptance. The author evaluates how Ibadhiyyah and its traditions formed the gist of the Sultanate's foreign policies, concentrating on ties with predominantly Muslim-inhabited countries, engagement with the African Continent, its links with the Arab Gulf region, and appraising Omani diplomacy with key Asian and Western countries. The study closes with a preliminary analysis of the transition to Sultan Haitham, evaluates his primary appointments, and reviews his declared priorities for the nation. Future domestic and foreign policy challenges that may confront Omanis concludes the volume.
Chronicles of Bharat: A Historical Odyssey" offers a concise journey through Bharat's history, spanning from the Neolithic to the Iron and Bronze Ages, and covering significant periods such as the Maurya Empire, medieval times, and the modern era. Readers will explore the rise and fall of empires, gaining insights into the social, economic, and cultural developments that shaped Bharat's identity over time. Whether you're interested in ancient civilizations or the dynamics of medieval kingdoms, this book provides a clear and informative overview of Bharat's diverse history.
In the first-ever Seven Seas history of the world's female buccaneers, Pirate Women: The Princesses, Prostitutes, and Privateers Who Ruled the Seven Seas tells the story of women, both real and legendary, who through the ages sailed alongside—and sometimes in command of—their male counterparts. These women came from all walks of life but had one thing in common: a desire for freedom. History has largely ignored these female swashbucklers, until now. Here are their stories, from ancient Norse princess Alfhild and warrior Rusla to Sayyida al-Hurra of the Barbary corsairs; from Grace O'Malley, who terrorized shipping operations around the British Isles during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I; to Cheng I Sao, who commanded a fleet of four hundred ships off China in the early nineteenth century. Author Laura Sook Duncombe also looks beyond the stories to the storytellers and mythmakers. What biases and agendas motivated them? What did they leave out? Pirate Women explores why and how these stories are told and passed down, and how history changes depending on who is recording it. It's the most comprehensive overview of women pirates in one volume and chock-full of swashbuckling adventures that pull these unique women from the shadows into the spotlight that they deserve.
For 2500 years, the world has witnessed numerous wars, conflicts, and battles, each with its unique story, causes, and consequences. Among the most significant conflicts in history are those that pitted the East against the West, with battles that shook the very foundations of civilizations and reshaped the world's political, social, and economic landscape. The East and West have a long and complicated history of interactions, with cultural, political, and economic exchanges since ancient times. However, these interactions were not always peaceful, and the two regions often found themselves at odds, competing for power and influence over each other. From the battles between the Greeks and Persians to the Crusades, from the conquests of Alexander the Great to the conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the European powers, the East and West have engaged in numerous wars and battles that have left a lasting impact on history. However, one conflict stands out as the most decisive and consequential of them all: the war between the East and West in the 20th century. The 20th century was a time of unprecedented change and upheaval, with the world witnessing two devastating world wars, empires rising and falling, and the emergence of new superpowers. At the heart of many of these events was the struggle between the East and West, as two ideological and political systems clashed in a battle for dominance. The war between the East and West was not a single battle but a series of confrontations over several decades. It began in the aftermath of World War II, as the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as the dominant powers in the world. The two nations had vastly different political and economic systems, with the Soviet Union advocating for communism and the United States championing capitalism and democracy. The conflict between the two nations was driven by a deep-seated ideological divide, with each side viewing the other as threatening its way of life. The Soviet Union sought to spread communism worldwide, while the United States sought to contain its spread and promote democracy and capitalism. The war between the East and West played out on multiple fronts, including military, political, economic, and cultural arenas. It led to proxy wars in Vietnam, Korea, and Afghanistan and intense political and economic competition in Europe, Africa, and Latin America. The conflict also profoundly impacted the global balance of power, shaping the world we live in today. The war between the East and West was marked by intense tension and confrontation, as well as periods of détente and cooperation. It saw the development of new military technologies and strategies, including the arms race and nuclear deterrence. It also introduced new diplomatic and economic institutions like the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the United Nations. Despite the high stakes and enormous consequences, the war between the East and West is often overlooked or dismissed as a relic of the past. However, its legacy can still be felt today as the world grapples with political, economic, and ideological conflict issues. The East-West battle is a cautionary tale, warning us of the perils of ideological extremism, political division, and armed conflict. This book will explore the war between the East and West, delving into the causes, events, and consequences of this historic conflict. From the leaders of the United States and the Soviet Union to the soldiers and civilians caught up in the conflict, we will examine the key players. We will analyze the strategies and tactics employed by both sides, from the development of new military technologies to the use of propaganda and diplomacy. We will consider the impact of the war on the world today as we seek to understand the lessons of this decisive conflict between the East and West. Throughout the book, we will draw on various sources, from historical documents and government archives to personal memoirs and oral histories. We will provide a balanced and nuanced perspective on the war, seeking to understand both sides' complex motivations and actions. Our goal is not simply to provide a blow-by-blow account of the conflict but to offer a deeper understanding of its significance and legacy. We will look at how the war changed the world's political and economic institutions, from the advent of the United States as a global superpower through the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War. We will explore how the war shaped popular culture, from films and novels to music and art. We will consider the ongoing debates and controversies surrounding the war, including questions of responsibility, accountability, and justice. Ultimately, this book is an invitation to explore one of the most consequential conflicts in history, a war that shaped the world we live in today. We hope it will inspire readers to think critically about the complex issues and challenges facing our world, engage in meaningful dialogue, and debate about how we can build a more peaceful and just future.
From ancient Mesopotamia into the 20th century, "the Circle of Justice" as a concept has pervaded Middle Eastern political thought and underpinned the exercise of power in the Middle East. The Circle of Justice depicts graphically how a government’s justice toward the population generates political power, military strength, prosperity, and good administration. This book traces this set of relationships from its earliest appearance in the political writings of the Sumerians through four millennia of Middle Eastern culture. It explores how people conceptualized and acted upon this powerful insight, how they portrayed it in symbol, painting, and story, and how they transmitted it from one regime to the next. Moving towards the modern day, the author shows how, although the Circle of Justice was largely dropped from political discourse, it did not disappear from people’s political culture and expectations of government. The book demonstrates the Circle’s relevance to the Iranian Revolution and the rise of Islamist movements all over the Middle East, and suggests how the concept remains relevant in an age of capitalism. A "must read" for students, policymakers, and ordinary citizens, this book will be an important contribution to the areas of political history, political theory, Middle East studies and Orientalism.
The light of spiritual wisdom illuminates the darkest corners of the soul, guiding the seekers towards eternal truth. Sultan-ul-Ashiqeen Sultan Mohammad Najib-ur-Rehman is the Universal Divine Man of the era and the Reviver of Islam in this millennium. He is a beacon of spiritual enlightenment who has dedicated his life to imparting the true teachings of Islam and Sufism. His words transcend time, offering solace and guidance towards Divine gnosis and vision and a deep understanding of Sufism for seekers on the path of truth. In this carefully curated collection, Teachings and Quotes of Sultan-ul-Ashiqeen, you will find a treasure trove of insights that touch upon every aspect of the spiritual journey. Whether you are seeking inner peace, a deeper connection with Allah or wisdom to navigate life's challenges, these teachings will inspire and transform you. Through this ocean of timeless wisdom, discover the essence of spirituality that encapsulates the core principles of Sufism and spiritual awakening. Find clarity and direction in the profound reflections of Sultan-ul-Ashiqeen, and allow his words to resonate within you, sparking a deeper understanding of your own spiritual path. Embrace these teachings, let them guide your soul and embark on a journey toward spiritual fulfillment.