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This book explores novel aspects of social robotics, spoken dialogue systems, human-robot interaction, spoken language understanding, multimodal communication, and system evaluation. It offers a variety of perspectives on and solutions to the most important questions about advanced techniques for social robots and chat systems. Chapters by leading researchers address key research and development topics in the field of spoken dialogue systems, focusing in particular on three special themes: dialogue state tracking, evaluation of human-robot dialogue in social robotics, and socio-cognitive language processing. The book offers a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in both academia and industry whose work involves advanced interaction technology and who are seeking an up-to-date overview of the key topics. It also provides supplementary educational material for courses on state-of-the-art dialogue system technologies, social robotics, and related research fields.
This book explores the various categories of speech variation and works to draw a line between linguistic and paralinguistic phenomenon of speech. Paralinguistic contrast is crucial to human speech but has proven to be one of the most difficult tasks in speech systems. In the quest for solutions to speech technology and sciences, this book narrows down the gap between speech technologists and phoneticians and emphasizes the imperative efforts required to accomplish the goal of paralinguistic control in speech technology applications and the acute need for a multidisciplinary categorization system. This interdisciplinary work on paralanguage will not only serve as a source of information but also a theoretical model for linguists, sociologists, psychologists, phoneticians and speech researchers.
Affective Human Computer Interaction (A-HCI) will be critical for the success of new technologies that will be prevalent in the 21st century. If cell phones and the internet are any indication, there will be continued rapid development of automated assistive systems that help humans to live better, more productive lives. These will not be just passive systems such as cell phones, but active assistive systems like robot aides in use in hospitals, homes, entertainment room, office, and other work environments. Such systems will need to be able to properly deduce human emotional state before they determine how to best interact with people. This work explores and extends the body of knowledge related to Affective HCI. New semantic methodologies are studied for reliable and accurate detection of human emotional states and magnitudes in written and spoken speech; and for mapping emotional states and magnitudes to 3-D facial expression outputs. This is a dissertation on affective human computer interaction. The topics include: * Applications of Affective Human Computer Interaction * Applications to Health, Applications to Cognitive Ergonomics, Applications to Information Retrieval, Applications to Movie Animation and Video Game Design * Emotion Recognition Systems * Emotion Recognition from Text * Lexical Based Approaches * Sentiment vs. Commonsense Knowledge Approaches * Emotion Recognition from Speech * Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Speech Characteristics * Multimodal Emotion Recognition * Actor Detection * Actor Detection Using Low-level Features * Sentient Actor Detection Using Higher Semantic-level Features * Corpora * Inter-annotator Metrics * Features and Feature Selection * Text Features * Speech Features * Feature Selection Techniques * Overview of Machine Learning Approaches * Classifiers * Regression Approaches for Magnitude Prediction * Non-Sequential vs. Sequential Methods * System Response to Emotions * Environment Responses * Facial Expression Responses * Speech Response * Performance Assessment * System Accuracy on Test Corpora * Text Annotator Agreement * Generalization of the Method * Ranking Analysis of Emotion Triggers * EMOTION FEATURE EXTRACTION AND EMOTION RECOGNITION IN TEXT * Methodology * Automatic Feature Extraction Approach * Classification: Support Vector Machines * Assessment of the Feature Extraction and Classification Methodologies * Analysis and Results * Preliminary Data Analysis * Kernel-based Data Analysis and Class Imbalance * Improved Results Analysis * EMOTION CORPORA * Affect Corpus 2.0 Annotation and Evaluation Methodology * Multimodal Health Care Related Corpus Annotation and Methodology (LSU-MD) * Analysis and Results * Affect Corpus 2.0 * DETECTION OF AFFECTIVE STATES FROM TEXT AND SPEECH * Speech Features * Text Features * Classification Model * Analysis and Results * Speech Affect Detection * Multimodal Affect Detection for 2 Classes (Emotion vs. Neutral) * Multimodal Affect Detection for 3 Classes (Positive, Negative, and Neutral) * Multimodal Affect Detection for Positive vs. Negative * Multimodal Affect Detection for 5 Emotion Classes * Application of the Methodology on a Medical Drama Corpus * ACTOR AND ENVIRONMENT DETECTION * Automatic Detection of Sentient Nominal Entities
Dialogue systems are a very appealing technology with an extraordinary future. Spoken, Multilingual and Multimodal Dialogues Systems: Development and Assessment addresses the great demand for information about the development of advanced dialogue systems combining speech with other modalities under a multilingual framework. It aims to give a systematic overview of dialogue systems and recent advances in the practical application of spoken dialogue systems. Spoken Dialogue Systems are computer-based systems developed to provide information and carry out simple tasks using speech as the interaction mode. Examples include travel information and reservation, weather forecast information, directory information and product order. Multimodal Dialogue Systems aim to overcome the limitations of spoken dialogue systems which use speech as the only communication means, while Multilingual Systems allow interaction with users that speak different languages. Presents a clear snapshot of the structure of a standard dialogue system, by addressing its key components in the context of multilingual and multimodal interaction and the assessment of spoken, multilingual and multimodal systems In addition to the fundamentals of the technologies employed, the development and evaluation of these systems are described Highlights recent advances in the practical application of spoken dialogue systems This comprehensive overview is a must for graduate students and academics in the fields of speech recognition, speech synthesis, speech processing, language, and human–computer interaction technolgy. It will also prove to be a valuable resource to system developers working in these areas.
This book gives an overview of the research and application of speech technologies in different areas. One of the special characteristics of the book is that the authors take a broad view of the multiple research areas and take the multidisciplinary approach to the topics. One of the goals in this book is to emphasize the application. User experience, human factors and usability issues are the focus in this book.
This comprehensive collection of chapters is written by leading researchers in psycholinguistics from a wide array of subfields.
Human conversational partners are able, at least to a certain extent, to detect the speaker’s or listener’s emotional state and may attempt to respond to it accordingly. When instead one of the interlocutors is a computer a number of questions arise, such as the following: To what extent are dialogue systems able to simulate such behaviors? Can we learn the mechanisms of emotional be- viors from observing and analyzing the behavior of human speakers? How can emotionsbeautomaticallyrecognizedfromauser’smimics,gesturesandspeech? What possibilities does a dialogue system have to express emotions itself? And, very importantly, would emotional system behavior be desirable at all? Given the state of ongoing research into incorporating emotions in dialogue systems we found it timely to organize a Tutorial and Research Workshop on A?ectiveDialogueSystems(ADS2004)atKlosterIrseein GermanyduringJune 14–16, 2004. After two successful ISCA Tutorial and Research Workshops on Multimodal Dialogue Systems at the same location in 1999 and 2002, we felt that a workshop focusing on the role of a?ect in dialogue would be a valuable continuation of the workshop series. Due to its interdisciplinary nature, the workshop attracted submissions from researchers with very di?erent backgrounds and from many di?erent research areas, working on, for example, dialogue processing, speech recognition, speech synthesis, embodied conversational agents, computer graphics, animation, user modelling, tutoring systems, cognitive systems, and human-computer inter- tion.
This book provides comprehensive, authoritative surveys covering the modeling, automatic detection, analysis, and synthesis of nonverbal social signals.