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This dissertation portfolio is comprised of three first-authored pieces of writing that investigate the oral language and emergent literacy development of Spanish-speaking children with specific language impairment (SLI). Each piece features a unique but complementary aim. The first study investigates group differences on a battery of emergent literacy skills between 15 preschool-aged children with SLI in Mexico and a control group of 15 typically developing children matched for age and socio-economic status. The second study explores aspects of the home literacy environment, including parents’ explicit teaching of literacy and children’s print interest, which may explain some of the variance in children’s emergent literacy ability that was observed in the previous study. The third piece of writing is a grant proposal that describes a parent-child book reading intervention seeking to improve children’s emergent literacy skills. Collectively, the studies provide a normative reference for the early literacy development of children with SLI in Spanish. Results showed that, as a group, children with SLI performed significantly worse than their peers on tasks of print knowledge and phonological awareness. Although no significant group differences were uncovered on classic home literacy variables, an interaction was observed between children’s language ability and their print interest, with implications for print knowledge. Implications for a Spanish language intervention that addresses these findings – both with respect to their emergent literacy skills, as well as their home literacy environment – are discussed.
Improving the Vocabulary and Oral Language Skills of Bilingual Latino Preschoolers: An Intervention for Speech- Language Pathologists, is a unique resource that offers a comprehensive vocabulary and oral language intervention program for Spanish-speaking preschool children with language disorders. The program can be used by both bilingual and monolingual speech-language pathologists working in collaboration with bilingual teachers or assistants. The manual contains lessons that correspond to preschool-level books that are commercially available in both Spanish and English, and the lessons are presented in both languages.. The accompanying CD will help both instructors implementing the program and preparing lessons, as well as students studying the English vocabulary words they encounter throughout this intensive program. This supplemental material contains review slides and color pictures with correlating vocabulary definitions in both English and Spanish- from Chapter 7, "The Volar Lessons"- which can easily be printed out.. The program is a nine-week intervention; each week has four lessons based on bilingual fiction and nonfiction preschool books with target vocabulary words each week. The intervention uses manipulative objects to help children experience each new word and play activities to stimulate language expression. Additionally, there are lessons every two weeks that review the vocabulary and the oral language activities practiced in the previous weeks.. Volar has been evaluated and follows rigorous evidence-based practice guidelines. With this much-needed manual, clinicians will be equipped to provide effective intervention.
Reporting the findings of the National Literacy Panel on Language-Minority Children and Youth, this book concisely summarises what is known from empirical research about the development of literacy in language-minority children and youth, including development, environment, instruction, and assessment.
Young children who are Hispanic, from low-income homes and have developmental delays are at a disadvantage for not having the basic early literacy foundation to become successful readers later in school (Ballantyne, Sanderman, D'Emilio, & McLaughlin, 2008; Hammer, Farkas, & Maczuga, 2010; Ezell & Justice 2005; McCardle, Scarborough, & Catts, 2001). These challenges can be addressed in several ways. Early intervention including parent education and collaboration along with shared book reading are considered best practices and critical to improving child outcomes (NELP, 2008). In addition, children who have a solid foundation in early literacy skills including vocabulary development in their native language will later transfer to the development of vocabulary in English (Ballantyne et al., 2008). Yet, research on shared book reading practices within the home of Hispanics is minimal (Hammer and Miccio, 2006). It is necessary to expand the literature on how to adapt best practices to meet the needs of Hispanic families who are economically disadvantaged. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of parent training and coaching of dialogic reading strategies in Spanish on mothers' implementation of the strategies and total vocabulary expressed by the child during shared book reading within the home environment. In addition, the researcher explored parent receptiveness towards shared book reading strategies. The research design for the study was a single-subject multiple baseline across three mother-child dyad participants. The independent variable was the intervention which consisted of parent training video on dialogic reading, parent handouts, and researcher coaching. The dependent variables were the mother's implementation of dialogic reading strategies and the children's total expressed words during shared book reading. The mother-child dyads, originally from Mexico, lived in settled migrant community in central Florida. The three children regularly attended a local federally funded preschool and received services for speech and/or language. The results indicated that the mothers' implementation of dialogic reading increased after training and coaching and the children's expressed total vocabulary words also increased. Dyad's interests in the selected books, mother responsiveness during shared book reading, and duration of shared book reading may have impacted some of the variability in the results. Furthermore, mothers were unaware of the dialogic reading strategies prior to the intervention and reported positive feedback and a desire to learn more ways to help their children at home. Implications for research and practice include the need for parent education to support caretakers of young children with speech and/or language delays, involvement of parents in the intervention planning process including coaching options, adaptation of intervention to expand upon parent's funds of knowledge, complexity of code-switching and language differences, and greater collaboration between school and home.
Originally published in 1992. This book brings together the work of a number of distinguished international researchers engaged in basic research on beginning reading. Individual chapters address various processes and problems in learning to read - including how acquisition gets underway, the contribution of story listening experiences, what is involved in learning to read words, and how readers represent information about written words in memory. In addition, the chapter contributors consider how phonological, onset-rime, and syntactic awareness contribute to reading acquisition, how learning to spell is involved, how reading ability can be explained as a combination of decoding skill plus listening comprehension skill, and what causes reading difficulties and how to study these causes.
Young Dual Language Learners 45 contributing experts provide clear and concise responses to questions that early childhood and elementary education administrators and preschool directors ask about educating young children who are learning in two languages. This user-friendly guide helps all practioners navigate the landscape of early childhood education in linguistically and culturally responsive ways.
The Blackwell Handbook of Language Development provides a comprehensive treatment of the major topics and current concerns in the field; exploring the progress of 21st century research, its precursors, and promising research topics for the future. Provides comprehensive treatments of the major topics and current concerns in the field of language development Explores foundational and theoretical approaches Focuses on the 21st century's research into the areas of brain development, computational skills, bilingualism, education, and cross-cultural comparison Looks at language development in infancy through early childhood, as well as atypical development Considers the past work, present research, and promising topics for the future. Broad coverage makes this an excellent resource for graduate students in a variety of disciplines
This book sets a high standard for rigor and scientific approach to the study of bilingualism and provides new insights regarding the critical issues of theory and practice, including the interdependence of linguistic knowledge in bilinguals, the role of socioeconomic status, the effect of different language usage patterns in the home, and the role of schooling by single-language immersion as opposed to systematic training in both home and target languages. The rich landscape of outcomes reported in the volume will provide a frame for interpretation and understanding of effects of bilingualism for years to come.