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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1878 edition. Excerpt: ...its existence in that connection. In that sense it sometimes has the pronouns of the 1st and 2nd Persons affixed to it. It is also sometimes prefixed to the Auxiliaries durman, idim, and ikan, and conjugated by their means as follows: --Pee Sent. 1. Bab-umz f or 'BAn-durman, J " I exist" or " I am." 2. Bab-sw or 'BAU-dursan, "thou existest," &o, 3. Bah or Bab-&w "he exists," &c. 1. Bab-otw or 'BAn-durmiz, "we exist," &c. 2. Bab-sz'z or BAB-/um'z, "ye exist," &c. 3. Bab or 'B n-durlar, "they exist," &c. Indefinite-past. Primarily it means " existence," but used verbally in the Turki manner it means "there is." t The present of BAR-m?, "to go," would be BARa-wiaw, &o. J The tense in dur is used, when the fact is merely presumed, to mean "there must be," "there probably is" (H. hawega). See remarks, p. 38. In the Negative, the word yoq would simply take the place of the word bar throughout. The Auxiliary bar is made to supply the place of the verb "to have" which does not exist in Turki, (see Syntax, 13). It may be used also as a verbal adjective or noun: e. g., ahl-im Mr iii-da = in the house where my wife is (lit. "my wife-being house in);" lar-i-ni tuttilar = "they took what there was of his" lit. "the existent (things) of him." The Indefinite verb-tense ikan is the most usual copula in ordinary sentences. Ex. Bu at chung ikan = " this horse is big." Finally any adjective or substantive or pronoun can be prefixed to the Personal Pronouns without any copula: e. g., ussdk man, "I (am) thirsty;" kichik san, ..".
This detailed volume explores the Túrkí language as spoken in Eastern Túrkistán. In addition to grammar lessons and vocabulary, the book provides extracts from ancient texts that demonstrate the usage and structure of the language. A valuable resource for linguists and historians alike. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.