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The Automotive Research Center briefing discusses new modeling software, Distributed Simulation & Design Platform (D-Sim), to aid in the engineering of variants of the Army's High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV) and Future Tactical Truck System (FTTS). This is a multi-domain simulation program.
Over the last years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have gradually become a more efficient alternative to manned aircraft, and at present, they are being deployed in a broad spectrum of both military as well as civilian missions. This has led to an unprecedented market expansion with new challenges for the aeronautical industry, and as a result, it has created a need to implement the latest design tools in order to achieve faster idea-to-market times and higher product performance. As a complex engineering product, UAVs are comprised of numerous sub-systems with intricate synergies and hidden dependencies. To this end, Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) is a method that can identify systems with better performance through the concurrent consideration of several engineering disciplines under a common framework. Nevertheless, there are still many limitations in MDO, and to this date, some of the most critical gaps can be found in the disciplinary modeling, in the analysis capabilities, and in the organizational integration of the method. As an aeronautical product, UAVs are also expected to work together with other systems and to perform in various operating environments. In this respect, System of Systems (SoS) models enable the exploration of design interactions in various missions, and hence, they allow decision makers to identify capabilities that are beyond those of each individual system. As expected, this significantly more complex formulation raises new challenges regarding the decomposition of the problem, while at the same time, it sets further requirements in terms of analyses and mission simulation. In this light, this thesis focuses on the design optimization of UAVs by enhancing the current MDO capabilities and by exploring the use of SoS models. Two literature reviews serve as the basis for identifying the gaps and trends in the field, and in turn, five case studies try to address them by proposing a set of expansions. On the whole, the problem is approached from a technical as well as an organizational point of view, and thus, this research aims to propose solutions that can lead to better performance and that are also meaningful to the Product Development Process (PDP). Having established the above foundation, this work delves firstly into MDO, and more specifically, it presents a framework that has been enhanced with further system models and analysis capabilities, efficient computing solutions, and data visualization tools. At a secondary level, this work addresses the topic of SoS, and in particular, it presents a multi-level decomposition strategy, multi-fidelity disciplinary models, and a mission simulation module. Overall, this thesis presents quantitative data which aim to illustrate the benefits of design optimization on the performance of UAVs, and it concludes with a qualitative assessment of the effects that the proposed methods and tools can have on both the PDP and the organization.
Explore the military and combat applications of modeling and simulation Engineering Principles of Combat Modeling and Distributed Simulation is the first book of its kind to address the three perspectives that simulation engineers must master for successful military and defense related modeling: the operational view (what needs to be modeled); the conceptual view (how to do combat modeling); and the technical view (how to conduct distributed simulation). Through methods from the fields of operations research, computer science, and engineering, readers are guided through the history, current training practices, and modern methodology related to combat modeling and distributed simulation systems. Comprised of contributions from leading international researchers and practitioners, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the engineering principles and state-of-the-art methods needed to address the many facets of combat modeling and distributed simulation and features the following four sections: Foundations introduces relevant topics and recommended practices, providing the needed basis for understanding the challenges associated with combat modeling and distributed simulation. Combat Modeling focuses on the challenges in human, social, cultural, and behavioral modeling such as the core processes of "move, shoot, look, and communicate" within a synthetic environment and also equips readers with the knowledge to fully understand the related concepts and limitations. Distributed Simulation introduces the main challenges of advanced distributed simulation, outlines the basics of validation and verification, and exhibits how these systems can support the operational environment of the warfighter. Advanced Topics highlights new and developing special topic areas, including mathematical applications fo combat modeling; combat modeling with high-level architecture and base object models; and virtual and interactive digital worlds. Featuring practical examples and applications relevant to industrial and government audiences, Engineering Principles of Combat Modeling and Distributed Simulation is an excellent resource for researchers and practitioners in the fields of operations research, military modeling, simulation, and computer science. Extensively classroom tested, the book is also ideal for courses on modeling and simulation; systems engineering; and combat modeling at the graduate level.
The use of modern simulation tools in the development of new armored vehicles permits shorter development times and a reduction in the number of prototypes. This paper shows the importance of virtual prototypes in the development process. Owing to more stringent protection requirements, the design layout of new vehicle concepts is possible only with the help of a complete vehicle simulation. Modelling techniques and simulation methods are presented by the example of mobility and mine protection analyses.
Modeling, simulation, and analysis (MS&A) is a crucial tool for military affairs. MS&A is one of the announced pillars of a strategy for transforming the U.S. military. Yet changes in the enterprise of MS&A have not kept pace with the new demands arising from rapid changes in DOD processes and missions or with the rapid changes in the technology available to meet those demands. To help address those concerns, DOD asked the NRC to identify shortcomings in current practice of MS&A and suggest where and how they should be resolved. This report provides an assessment of the changing mission of DOD and environment in which it must operate, an identification of high-level opportunities for MS&A research to address the expanded mission, approaches for improving the interface between MS&A practitioners and decision makers, a discussion of training and continuing education of MS&A practitioners, and an examination of the need for coordinated military science research to support MS&A.
Integrated weapon systems modeling and simulation from concept to operation were treated as essential tool for achieving cost and time reductions which are needed to field new systems. Such tools are being applied to lower the cost and design cycle times from both a design/development and recurring manufacturing perspective. Early identification of problems dramatically reduces costs and improves procurement as well as operations, increasing performance as well as cost effectiveness. The maturing of virtual manufacturing tools led to the review of the various approaches in the NATO framework. Advanced simulation in design, manufacture, and support were treated in four sessions on: Virtual Prototyping and Simulation Tool Integration Qualification by Analysis Design Synthesis Avoiding cost overruns and schedule delays connected to aerodynamic or hydrodynamic performance was treated in three sessions: CFD Modelling Of Non-Linear Phenomena; CFD Validation Procedures; And Error Evaluation Dynamically Coupled CFD.
The U.S. Army Tank and Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center (TARDEC), in collaboration with the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), Human Research and Engineering Directorate, is using TARDEC's Ride Motion Simulator (RMS) to address design requirements for future force systems. Future force systems are envisioned to be lightweight, highly-mobile vehicles that will utilize complex information systems to ensure, for example, both Soldier survivability and system lethality. One of the major challenges and program risks identified by Future Combat Systems is that, in these future systems, Soldiers will need to be able to maintain their high levels of performance even when their vehicles are moving over terrain. This "motion effects" challenge involves a host of problems including, but not limited to: the presentation of critical information in an understandable way, the implementation of control devices that allow the successful completion of mission Operations, and the reduction of potential disorientation and motion sickness, all of which will be adversely affected when Soldiers are bounced around in moving vehicles. Making decisions on how to deal with motion effects issues is all the more difficult because potentially crucial design choices must be made for vehicles whose ride characteristics are still unknown. Through the combined efforts of researchers at TARDEC and ARL, a systematic approach using motion-base simulation is being implemented to address some of these challenges.