Download Free A Pilot Survey To Measure Annual Mortality Caused By The Mountain Pine Beetle In Lodgepole Pine On The Beaverhead And Gallatin National Forests 1978 Book in PDF and EPUB Free Download. You can read online A Pilot Survey To Measure Annual Mortality Caused By The Mountain Pine Beetle In Lodgepole Pine On The Beaverhead And Gallatin National Forests 1978 and write the review.

A multistage sampling survey to measure annual and cumulative mortality of lodgepole pine by mountain pine beetle was conducted on the Beaverhead and Gallatin National Forests, 1978-79. The survey area, 270,000 acres, was stratified into three intensity classes from aerial sketchmapping. This was followed by large scale (1:6,000) aerial photography, photographic interpretation, and ground truth measurements. Estimates of the number of lodgepole killed by mountain pine beetle in 1977 were 1,270,617 trees and 24.2 million cubic feet. The number of total standing dead within the survey boundaries was estimated at 3,117,888 trees and 62.2 million cubic feet. This total standing dead represents 31.4 percent of the total basal area.
This book is intended as a general text for undergraduates studying the manage ment of forest insect pests. It is divided into four parts: insects, ecology, manage ment, and practice. Part I, Insects, contains two chapters. The first is intended to provide an overview of the general attributes of insects. Recognizing that it is impossible to adequately treat such a diverse and complex group of organisms in such a short space, I have attempted to highlight those insectan characteristics that make them difficult animals to combat. I have also tried to expose the insects' weak points, those attributes that make them vulnerable to manipulation by human actions. Even so, this first chapter will seem inadequate and sketchy to many of my colleagues. Ideally, this book should be used in conjunction with a laboratory manual covering insect anatomy, physiology, biology, behavior, and classifica tion in much greater depth-in fact, this is how I organize my forest entomology course. It is hoped that this first chapter will provide nonentomologists with a general feel for the insects and with a broad understanding of their strengths and weaknesses, while Chapter 2 will provide a brief overview of the diverse insect fauna that attacks the various parts of forest trees and their products.