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The ACM Workshop on Security and Privacy in Digital Rights Management is the ?rst scienti?c workshop with refereed proceedings devoted solely to this topic. The workshop was held in conjunction with the Eighth ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS-8) in Philadelphia, USA on November 5, 2001. Digital Rights Management technology is meant to provide end-to-end so- tions for the digital distribution of electronic goods. Sound security and privacy features are among the key requirements for such systems. Fifty papers were submitted to the workshop, quite a success for a ?rst-time workshop. From these 50 submissions, the program committee selected 15 papers for presentation at the workshop. They cover a broad area of relevant techniques, including cryptography, system architecture, and cryptanalysis of existing DRM systems. Three accepted papers are about software tamper resistance, an area about which few scienti?c articles have been published before. Another paper addresses renewability of security measures. Renewability is another important security technique for DRM systems, and I hope we will see more publications about this in the future. I am particularly glad that three papers cover economic and legal aspects of digital distribution of electronic goods. Technical security measures do not exist in a vacuum and their e?ectiveness interacts in a number of ways with the environment for legal enforcement. Deploying security and an- piracy measures adequately requires furthermore a good understanding of the business models that they are designed to support.
Oceans play a pivotal role in our weather and climate. Ocean-borne commerce is vital to our increasingly close-knit global community. Yet we do not fully understand the intricate details of how they function, how they interact with the atmosphere, and what the limits are to their biological productivity and their tolerance to wastes. While satellites are helping us to fill in the gaps, numerical ocean models are playing an important role in increasing our ability to comprehend oceanic processes, monitor the current state of the oceans, and to a limited extent, even predict their future state.Numerical Models of Oceans and Oceanic Processes is a survey of the current state of knowledge in this field. It brings together a discussion of salient oceanic dynamics and processes, numerical solution methods, and ocean models to provide a comprehensive treatment of the topic. Starting with elementary concepts in ocean dynamics, it deals with equatorial, mid-latitude, high latitude, and coastal dynamics from the perspective of a modeler. A comprehensive and up-to-date chapter on tides is also included. This is followed by a discussion of different kinds of numerical ocean models and the pre- and post-processing requirements and techniques. Air-sea and ice-ocean coupled models are described, as well as data assimilation and nowcast/forecasts. Comprehensive appendices on wavelet transforms and empirical orthogonal functions are also included.This comprehensive and up-to-date survey of the field should be of interest to oceanographers, atmospheric scientists, and climatologists. While some prior knowledge of oceans and numerical modeling is helpful, the book includes an overview of enough elementary material so that along with its companion volume, Small Scale Processes in Geophysical Flows, it should be useful to both students new to the field and practicing professionals.* Comprehensive and up-to-date review* Useful for a two-semester (or one-semester on selected topics) graduate level course* Valuable reference on the topic* Essential for a better understanding of weather and climate
This report is part of a series of 21 Synthesis and Assessments (SAP) aimed at providing current assessments of climate change science to inform public debate, policy, and operational decisions. These reports are also intended to help develop future program research priorities. The guiding vision is to provide the Nation and the global community with the science-based knowledge needed to manage the risks and capture the opportunities associated with climate and related environmental changes. This SAP assesses abrupt climate change events where key aspects of the climate system change faster than the responsible forces would suggest and/or faster than society can respond to those changes. Illustrations.