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Many people believe that environmental regulation has passed a point of diminishing returns: the quick fixes have been achieved and the main sources of pollution are shifting from large "point sources" to more diffuse sources that are more difficult and expensive to regulate. The political climate has also changed in the United States since the 1970s in ways that provide impetus to seek alternatives to regulation. This book examines the potential of some of these "new tools" that emphasize education, information, and voluntary measures. Contributors summarize what we know about the effectiveness of these tools, both individually and in combination with regulatory and economic policy instruments. They also extract practical lessons from this knowledge and consider what is needed to make these tools more effective. The book will be of interest to environmental policy practitioners and to researchers and students concerned with applying social and behavioral sciences knowledge to improve environmental quality.
First Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
The effectiveness of Education for Sustainable Development depends on the ability of schools and teachers to embrace pedagogies that reduce the gap between the rhetoric of education for the environment and the reality of classroom practices. This book responds to the need to better understand the nature of the relationships between agency and structure that contribute to the development of educational rhetoric-reality gaps in order to inform processes that most effectively facilitate pedagogical change. This book explores the issues of pedagogical change through the experiences of Australian primary school teachers faced with the challenge of implementing an environmental education program in which young students were positioned as active participants in the social processes from which environmentally sustainable practices could be developed. These teachers were required to adopt pedagogies that often represented the antithesis of their well-established teacher-directed approaches. Through the use of Anthony Giddens’ Theory of Structuration this book provides unique perspectives of the teacher mediated manner in which certain elements of structure and agency interrelate to enable and constrain classroom practices—essential understandings for school principals and educational policy developers who aim to effectively implement pedagogical change. This book also demonstrates that the Theory of Structuration provides a valuable ontological research framework, and provides social researchers with practical guidance for how to relate this theory to specific research issues.
Arranged in four sections, the book offers practical techniques for introducing environmental education at the primary level. The first section, on planning, outlines a conceptual framework for environmental education, describes how the staff at one primary school developed a K-7 curriculum, examines an in-service course on environmental science for K-2 teachers and students, discusses an environment week festival, presents environmental guidelines for schools, and suggests ways to develop school grounds for environmental education. The second section focuses on language arts and discusses the relationship between language development and environmental education. Other topics include environmental awareness in contemporary Australian children's books, drama as a means for developing environmental awareness, a curriculum offering about a hypothetical township entitled "Walmit Divided," and the use of videotaped environmental conflict simulations as a teaching tool. Section 3 focuses on the outdoors as a medium for environmental education and describes techniques for heightening student's awareness of their surroundings through the Pilot Environmental Education Project, the Primary Environmental Education Project, and the Urban Field Study Centre. The final section describes a third grade environmental education curriculum and suggests ideas for using community gardening and animals in environmental education activities. (LH)
This open access book contains observations, outlines, and analyses of educational robotics methodologies and activities, and developments in the field of educational robotics emerging from the findings presented at FabLearn Italy 2019, the international conference that brought together researchers, teachers, educators and practitioners to discuss the principles of Making and educational robotics in formal, non-formal and informal education. The editors’ analysis of these extended versions of papers presented at FabLearn Italy 2019 highlight the latest findings on learning models based on Making and educational robotics. The authors investigate how innovative educational tools and methodologies can support a novel, more effective and more inclusive learner-centered approach to education. The following key topics are the focus of discussion: Makerspaces and Fab Labs in schools, a maker approach to teaching and learning; laboratory teaching and the maker approach, models, methods and instruments; curricular and non-curricular robotics in formal, non-formal and informal education; social and assistive robotics in education; the effect of innovative spaces and learning environments on the innovation of teaching, good practices and pilot projects.
This book provides 29 readings that provide a detailed overview of those elements that might take environmental education from the intuitive to the valid, to a field where there truly is a defensible, substantive structure. Contents include: (1) "Tensions in Environmental Education: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow" (Disinger, John F.); (2) "The Tbilisi Declaration"; (3) "Environmental Education's Definitional Problem" (Disinger, John F.); (4) "The Concept of Environmental Education" (Stapp, William B., et al.); (5) "The Status of Environmental Education with Respect to the Goal of Responsible Citizenship Behavior" (Culen, Gerald R.); (6) "Two Hats" (Hug, John); (7) "The Myths of Environmental Education--Revisited" (Hungerford, Harold R.); (8) "A Survey of the Status of State-Level Environmental Education in the U.S." (Kirk, Michelle; Wilke, Richard; Ruskey, Abby); (9) "Education Reform, Setting Standards, and Environmental Education" (Simmons, Deborah); (10) "Environmental Literacy in the United States" (Volk, Trudi L.; McBeth, William); (11) "Goals for Curriculum Development in Environmental Education" (Hungerford, Harold; Peyton, R. Ben; Wilke, Richard J.); (12) "Curriculum Development in Environmental Education for the Primary School: Challenges and Responsibilities" (Hungerford, Harold R.; Volk, Trudi L.); (13) "Environmental Education in the K-12 Curriculum: Finding a Niche" (Ramsey, John M.; Hungerford, Harold R.; Volk, Trudi L.); (14) "Integration and Curriculum Design" (Volk, Trudi L.); (15) "Comparing Four Environmental Problem Solving Models: Additional Comments" (Ramsey, John); (16) "A Technique for Analyzing Environmental Issues" (Ramsey, John M.; Hungerford, Harold R.; Volk, Trudi L.); (17) "So...You Want To Teach Issues?" (Ramsey, John; Hungerford, Harold); (18) "Assessment in Environmental Education" (Marcinkowski, Thomas); (19) "Outcome Research in Environmental Education: A Critical Review" (Leeming, Frank C.; Dwyer, William O.; Porter, Bryan E.; Cobern, Melissa K.); (20) "Predictors of Responsible Environmental Behavior: A Review of Three Dissertation Studies" (Marcinkowski, Thomas); (21) "Changing Learner Behavior through Environmental Education" (Hungerford, Harold R.; Volk, Trudi L.); (22) "The Pros and Cons of Research in Environmental Education" (Smith-Sebasto, Nicholas J.); (23) "Environmental Education and Environmental Interpretation: The Relationships" (Knapp, Doug); (24) "Evaluation of Natural Resource Education Materials: Implications for Resource Management" (Pomerantz, Gerri A.); (25) "Are We Meeting the Goal of Responsible Environmental Behavior? An Examination of Nature and Environmental Education Center Goals" (Simmons, Deborah A.); (26) "An Analysis of an Anti-Environmental Education Article: 'The Globalist Children's Crusade'" (Ramsey, John); (27) "Goals and Competencies for Precollege STS Education: Recommendations Based upon Recent Literature in Environmental Education" (Rubba, Peter A.; Wiesenmayer, Randall L.); (28) "The Science Education Reform Movement: Implications for Social Responsibility" (Ramsey, John); and (29) "The General Teaching Model (GTM)" (Each reading contains references.) (Hungerford, Harold R.). (CCM)