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Extract: Japanese grain yields, areas, production, food demand, feed demand, trade, and government pricing policies are modeled on the basis of data mostly from 1965-79. Grains are classified into rice, wheat, corn, and other coarse grains, with the last often subdivided into barley and other grain. The model is then simulated through 1992, using as exogenous variables projections of Japanese population, Japanese real income, and U.S. grain prices (as proxies for world trade prices). The model's equations are designed for making 5- to 20- year projections, but alternative equations more suited to short-run policy analysis are also presented.
Extract: This report presents a grain, oilseeds, and livestock modl of Japan (JPGOL). It describes the background, product coverage, and model structure of JPGOL. A computer-generated listing of the model is provided. The model includes equations for food demand, feed demand, crop and livestock supplies, stocks trade, and supply and demand prices. The model takes into account cross-community effects on both the demand and supply sides of Japan's grain, oilseeds, and livestock complex. The report also discusses the policy analysis capabilities of the model and presents some results of model simulation.
The background of government policy and operations; The wheat model and results; The reduced form of the model; Programming simulations.
Beaches in Japan have been eroding since the 1970s as a result of the artificial land alterations. Approximately 3000 fishing ports and 1000 commercial ports have been built nationwide, as well as 2532 large dams being constructed in the upstream basins of large rivers. Due to the port and dam developments, fluvial sand supply has significantly reduced resulting in shoreline recession around the river mouths. Continuous sand supply along the coastline has also been obstructed by the port breakwaters. The formation of wave shelter zone by the port breakwaters induce longshore sand transport, thereby leading to an accretion of large amount of sand in the wave shelter zone and erosion in the surrounding area. Thus, almost all causes of the beach erosion in Japan are due to anthropogenic factors. The exact situation of the beach erosion has never been clear in literatures that are written in Japanese, or in English. Coastal engineers can and should learn from these results, otherwise the same situation and problems, which were induced by excessive coastal development without protection measures and due attention given to nearby coasts, will recur throughout the world. Textbooks on coastal engineering, that were already published, describe only the theoretical fundamentals of the subject, but lack the practical perspectives and field studies. The book examines many coastal areas as examples, highlighting the various erosion factors which should be avoided elsewhere globally. This book was first published in Japanese in 2004, and was translated into English by the present author.
The topics discussed in this text range from quasi-static problems to dynamic problems, and are divided into 15 groups, such as: cohesion/cracking; wave propagation; and quasi-static behaviour. Each group contains theoretical, experimental and computational approaches by researchers.
This work takes a multidisciplinary approach to grain storage research, applying knowledge from the fields of biology, cereal chemistry, economics, engineering, mathematical modelling and toxicology to the study of the complex interactions among physical and biological variables in stored-grain bulks that cause the deterioration of stored grain. Details the prevention and control of pests and contaminants.