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The Lock and Dam No. 3 navigation structure is located on the upper Mississipi River at about mile 797 above the mouth of the Ohio River and 44.2 miles above Lock and Dam No. 4. The structure is designed to maintain a minimum upper pool during low flows extending 18.3 miles upstream to Lock and Dam No. 2 on the Mississippi River and approximately 52 miles up the St. Croix River. The section of pool extending into the upper Mississippi River provides water access to Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota. The four-gated spillway section is located in the main river channel, and the lock with clear chamber dimensions of 110 by 600 ft and the upper lock gates for a proposed second lock are located in a bypass canal on the right overbank. A fixed-bed model reproducing about 2 miles of the Mississippi River channel, upstream lock approach, a portion of Sturgeon Lake, and adjacent overbank areas to an undistorted scale of 1:120 was used to determine the adequacy of the proposed plan and to develop modifications required to eliminate any adverse conditions indicated. Results of the investigation revealed that satisfactory navigation conditions in the upper lock approach could be developed by replacement of the guide wall with a guard wall with some excavation along the right bank or with a rock dike extending upstream from the right abutment wall of the dam. Ice gaps or openings would be required to reduce the accumulation of ice in the lock approach with either of the plans.
A sedimentation and navigation study of the Mississippi River, between River Miles 271 and 277.5 was conducted to study and solve the outdraft problem at the downbound approach to Lock and Dam 24 in Clarksville, Missouri. Outdraft has been a severe problem at Lock 24 since operation began. The outdraft conditions cause transportation delays and accidents, which may cause damage to the miter or tainter gates as well as injuries or loss of life. A physical hydraulic micro model was used to access 30 structural design alternatives to alleviate or eliminate the outdraft conditions. The study recommended constructing four bendway weirs upstream of the lock chamber and extending dike 274. OR. Model tests indicate that outdraft was significantly reduced as a result of these remedial measures. Construction sequencing of this recommended plan was also studied through model testing.