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The first thirty years under the Federal Constitution encompass the most obscure period of Southern history. Thomas P. Abernethy brings this turbulent era into full focus for the first time in this book, Volume IV of A History of the South. With Spain in possession of Florida and Louisiana, claiming and partially occupying everything west of the Alleghenies and south of the Tennessee River, and with England and France attempting to exploit Spain's weakness to strengthen their own positions in the New World, the Southern frontier was beset by active or potential enemies during most of the three decades under consideration. Thus the protection of our Southern and Western borders is one of the main themes of this volume.The South, of course, was not all frontier country, and the history of the well-established civilization of the South Atlantic states has not been neglected. Among the significant political and social developments which the author has reviewed at length are the transition form Washingtonian Federalism to Jeffersonian Republicanism; the unprecedented vast speculation in Western lands and their political repercussions; the separatist intrigues in the early West; such episodes of the Jefferson administration as the Louisiana Purchase, the Burr Conspiracy and the Embargo; and the events leading up to the War of 1812 and the Southern phase of the conflict.The product of many years of sustained effort on the part of a major Southern historian, The South in the New Nation adds significantly to our knowledge of American history.
The South played a prominent role in early American history, and its position was certainly strong and proud except for the "peculiar institution" of slavery. Thus, it drew away from the rest of an expanding nation, and in 1861 declared secession and developed a Confederacy... that ultimately lost the war. Indeed, for some time it was occupied. Thus, the South has a very mixed legacy, with good and bad aspects, and sometimes the two of them mixed. Which only enhances the need for a careful and balanced approach. This can be found in the Historical Dictionary of the Old South, which first traces its history from colonial times to the end of the Civil War in a substantial chronology. Particularly interesting is the introduction, which analyzes the rise and the fall, the good and the bad, as well as the middling and indifferent, over nigh on two centuries. The details are filled in very amply in over 600 dictionary entries on the politics, economy, society and culture of the Old South. An ample bibliography directs students and researchers toward other sources of information.
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1982.
A Companion to the American South surveys and evaluates the most important and innovative writing on the entire sweep of the history of the southern United States. Contains 29 original essays by leading experts in American Southern history. Covers the entire sweep of Southern history, including slavery, politics, the Civil War, race relations, religion, and women's history. Surveys and evaluates the best scholarship on every important era and topic. Summarizes current debates and anticipates future concerns.
So central was labor in the lives of African-American slaves that it has often been taken for granted, with little attention given to the type of work that slaves did and the circumstances surrounding it. Cultivation and Culture brings together leading scholars of slavery- historians, anthropologists, and sociologists- to explore when, where, and how slaves labored in growing the New World's great staples and how this work shaped the institution of slavery and the lives of African-American slaves. The authors focus on the interrelationships between the demands of particular crops, the organization of labor, the nature of the labor force, and the character of agricultural technology. They show the full complexity of the institution of chattel bondage in the New World and suggest why and how slavery varied from place to place and time to time.
In 1763 the oppressive program of Grenville set up a tempo of resentment. Virginia and Maryland soon struck against the abuse of liberty, with Patrick Henry as their spokesman. Rioting followed the Carolinas and Georgia. With the Townshend Acts of 1767 the crisis worsened. In nine more years the “Tea and Trumpets” period—to use Mr. Alden’s phrase—would explode into the Revolution. These events form but a single, bright strand in the intricate story of the South during the Revolution. This volume—the first complete account yet written of an exciting period—ranges from the demography of the South (including White, Negro, and Indian groups), through the War of Independence, into the critical early years of the Union. The emphasis throughout is upon political and social change. The network of historic conditions and human motives is treated with consummate skill; and the heroic story of the war, with its gallery of personalities on both sides, is vigorously narrated. The book also gives a valuable account both of the origins and evolution of Southern sectionalism and of the role of the South in creating the Union. Besides the full-scale record of the colony-states on the Atlantic seaboard, the development of the Old Southwest is brilliantly detailed, including Indian warfare, the settlement of Kentucky and Tennessee, and many other related topics.
"In 1823, Tennessee historian John Haywood encapsulated a foundational sentiment among the white citizenry of Tennessee when he wrote of a 'long continued course of aggression and sufferings' between whites and Native Americans. According to F. Evan Nooe, 'aggression' and 'sufferings' are broad categories that can be used to represent the framework of factors contributing to the coalescence of the white South. Traditionally, the concept of coalescence is an anthropological model used to examine the transformation of Indigenous communities in the eastern woodlands from chieftaincies to Native tribes, confederacies, and nations in response to colonialism. Applying this concept to white Southerners, Nooe argues that through the experiences and selective memory of settlers in the antebellum South, white Southerners incorporated their aggression against and suffering at the hands of the Indigenous peoples of the Southeast in the coalescence of a regional identity built upon the violent dispossession of the Native South.This, in turn, formed the development of Confederate identity and its later iterations in the long nineteenth century. Geographically, 'Aggression and Sufferings' prioritizes events in the frontier territories of Tennessee, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama. Nooe considers how divergent systems of violence and justice between Native Americans and white settlers (such as blood revenge and concepts of honor) functioned in the emergent region and examines the involved societies' conflicting standards on how to equitably resolve interpersonal violence. Nooe then investigates the contemporary and historically interconnected consequences of a series of murders of encroaching white settlers by a faction of the Creek nation known as the 'Red Sticks' in the years preceding the 1813 Creek War. Each episode was connected to immediate grievances by Native Southerners against white colonialism, while white Southerners looked upon the incidents as confirmation of Native savagery. Nooe considers the effort by the burgeoning white population to combat the Red Sticks in the Creek War of 1813-1814 and explains how chroniclers of the white South's past memorialized the 1813 Creek War as a regional conflict. Next, Nooe explores the events between the August 1814 Treaty of Fort Jackson to the September 1823 Treaty of Moultrie Creek to evaluate the implications of persistent low-level white-Native conflict in a period traditionally interpreted as the end to the Creek War. He then examines how the Florida Indians' resistance to their expulsion from the South sparked a unifying call to arms from white communities across the region. Finally, Nooe explores how white Southerners constructed, propagated, and perpetuated harrowing tales of colonizers as innocent victims in the violent expulsion of the region's Native peoples before concluding with notes on how this emerging sense of regional history and identity (which ignored the interests and agency of enslaved and free Black people in the early nineteenth century South) continued to flower into the Antebellum period, during Western expansion, and well into the twentieth century. Readers interested in Southern, Indigenous, and Early American history will find a thorough, scholarly examination of the tensions and violence between Natives and white settlers and the construction of a regional memory of white victimization by white Southerners during this period. 'Aggression and Sufferings' speaks to scholarship on settler-colonialism, violence, Native dispossession, white identity, historical memory and monuments, and Southern Studies"--
In The American South: A History, Fourth Edition, William J. Cooper, Jr. and Thomas E. Terrill demonstrate their belief that it is impossible to divorce the history of the South from the history of the United States. The authors' analysis underscores the complex interaction between the South as a distinct region and the South as an inescapable part of America. Cooper and Terrill show how the resulting tension has often propelled section and nation toward collision. In supporting their thesis, the authors draw on the tremendous amount of profoundly new scholarship in Southern history. Each volume includes a substantial biographical essay—completely updated for this edition—which provides the reader with a guide to literature on the history of the South. Coverage now includes the devastation of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, up-to-date analysis of the persistent racial divisions in the region, and the South's unanticipated role in the 2008 presidential primaries.
With this definitive study of Federalism in the Jeffersonian South, James H. Broussard makes a significant contribution to the body of knowledge of the early political development of the United States and closes the gap in our knowledge of the Federalist party south of the Potomac.In a work grounded in fresh research from original sources, Broussard examines all aspects of Federalism in the states of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. In his broad coverage he shows how the particular political system of each states affected party development, how the Federalists used party organization and newspapers to increase their appeal, and how individual Federalists faced such issues as slavery, judicial reform, and government aid to education and economic development.Using previously unavailable data, The Southern Federalists presents a thorough analysis of the historical, demographic, and economic voter patterns of our first party system. Although national origin, religion, wealth, and support for the Constitution were the bases of Federalism in other areas, the only factor common to southern Federalists was their deep fear of France. When this fear was put tor est by Napoleon's final defeat in 1815, there was no further need for the Federalists to remain a cohesive party.
Many Americans view Andrew Jackson as a frontiersman who fought duels, killed Indians, and stole another man's wife. Historians have traditionally presented Jackson as a man who struggled to overcome the obstacles of his backwoods upbringing and helped create a more democratic United States. In his compelling new biography of Jackson, Mark R. Cheathem argues for a reassessment of these long-held views, suggesting that in fact "Old Hickory" lived as an elite southern gentleman. Jackson grew up along the border between North Carolina and South Carolina, a district tied to Charleston, where the city's gentry engaged in the transatlantic marketplace. Jackson then moved to North Carolina, where he joined various political and kinship networks that provided him with entrée into society. In fact, Cheathem contends, Jackson had already started to assume the characteristics of a southern gentleman by the time he arrived in Middle Tennessee in 1788. After moving to Nashville, Jackson further ensconced himself in an exclusive social order by marrying the daughter of one of the city's cofounders, engaging in land speculation, and leading the state militia. Cheathem notes that through these ventures Jackson grew to own multiple plantations and cultivated them with the labor of almost two hundred slaves. His status also enabled him to build a military career focused on eradicating the nation's enemies, including Indians residing on land desired by white southerners. Jackson's military success eventually propelled him onto the national political stage in the 1820s, where he won two terms as president. Jackson's years as chief executive demonstrated the complexity of the expectations of elite white southern men, as he earned the approval of many white southerners by continuing to pursue Manifest Destiny and opposing the spread of abolitionism, yet earned their ire because of his efforts to fight nullification and the Second Bank of the United States. By emphasizing Jackson's southern identity -- characterized by violence, honor, kinship, slavery, and Manifest Destiny -- Cheathem's narrative offers a bold new perspective on one of the nineteenth century's most renowned and controversial presidents.