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The history of Santals has been preserved and passed on over the generations by the words of mouth until the Europeans took interest in them and started writing about them. Most of the initial writings were done by hearing from the elders of Santals and translating them. Some Indian writers had written about them as well but only by hearing from others. All of them had their own perspective as they felt appropriate. I have been looking for an authentic book about Santals written by Santals themselves who were born and brought up with them in their villages and hamlets for a long time but was unable to find one. So I decided to write myself after doing some reading of materials written by different people mainly Europeans and some Indian authors. My little book is no different except I am a Santal myself, born and brought up in a santal village and learnt about our belief of creation, customs, traditions, culture, and legends passed on orally by the elders of the villages to the younger generations during regular worship at the various festivals and other special occasions. They are basically a repetition of the same starting from the creation of the earth to the birth of human beings, growing up, marriage, procreation and death and migration. I have lived through them and have managed to come out of this darkness according to Dr W.G Archert I.C.S one of the last deputy Commissioners of Dumka towards the fag end of British Raj and author of many books on Santals including Tribal Law and Justice and managed to reach United Kingdom several years ago. So I have tried to put our history into perspective from my life long experience and readings of different books and hope you find this helpful to understand the real history of Santals.
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Jharkhand epitomizes a remarkable confluence of diverse natural, cultural, social, political, and geographical facets. This enchanting land flourishes with mellifluous music and resplendent dance. Its people revel in the harmonies of dhol, mandar, and flute, celebrating their collective spirit. Festivals and rituals, such as Karma Puja, Sarhul, Tusu, and Sohrai, underscore nature’s centrality, reflecting its pristine simplicity, allure, and harmony. This comprehensive volume offers a thorough exploration of Jharkhand's multifarious aspects. Spanning 20 chapters, it delves into the state’s historical, geographical, political, social, cultural, and economic dimensions with meticulous scrutiny. Contemporary developments in programs and policies are elucidated, accompanied by insightful statistical diagrams, enabling readers to easily grasp the current landscape. Moreover, the compilation of up-to-date information assists students preparing for various competitive examinations. With 893 objective questions, their corresponding answers, and 50 practice question sets, this book is a unique resource for ambitious young learners seeking to forge their careers. It presents a judicious blend of information, thoughtful data interpretation, analysis, and contemporary facts. The volume is anticipated to be invaluable not only for students targeting competitive exams but also for researchers, educators, and ardent readers eager to delve into the captivating essence of this state. Highlights of Revised and updated 4th Edition • Governance Systems of Major Tribes • Socio-cultural Tradition of Major Tribes • Literature and Litterateurs of Jharkhand • Chhotanagpur Tendency Act, 1908 • Santhal Pargana Tendency Act, 1949 • Land Related Laws in Other States • Displacement and Rehabilitation Policy • Surrender and Rehabilitation Policy, 2009 • Jharkhand Industrialist Policies • Forest and wildlife • Disaster Management • Economic Survey 2022-2023 • Jharkhand Budget 2023-2024 • Statistical Representation of Jharkhand • Current Affairs • Important Questionnaire • Practice Question Sets • Appendices • Jharkhand’s Latest Political Map Included
Santali, or the language of the Santhals, is spoken by the sons of the soil in a large territory spread over Bihar, West Bengal, Orissa and North-Eastern India. Apart from Santhals several other tribes also use Santali as their dialect. Though several dictionaries on the Santali language have been compiled by earlier Christian missionaries to spread the message of Bible in the local idiom, Bodding s remains the most exhaustive, most elaborate and most acceptable of all the lexicons. The entries carry not only the meaning and usage but also ethnological description. The reason is to help all readers who use the dictionary for clearer understanding of what each word stands for or refers to. With parantheses at the end of each article some etymological matter has been added. Foreign words which have been assimilated into Santali are included. In all, the dictionary is the only complete and authoritative reference work for those who want to use Santali either as mother tongue or neighbouring or foreign language.
First published in 1982, Languages of South Asia covers all important languages and language groups of the so-called Indian subcontinent (India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bhutan). It concentrates on the more southern languages, that is the Indo-Aryan, Dravidian and Munda groups; a brief survey of Tibeto-Burman languages is also included. As well as giving a description of the current status and character of each language, Dr. Zograph goes into a detailed structural analysis of its phonology, morphology and syntax. The problems of the historical background of the modern languages, and their classification, are also discussed. The book is supplemented by two language maps, tables showing the main alphabets, a bibliography of reliable works on the subject and an index of 350 language names used in the text. This book will be of interest to students of language, linguistics and South Asian studies.