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Polish: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to the grammar system for intermediate to advanced learners of Polish. It presents an accessible and systematic description of the language, focusing on real patterns of use in contemporary Polish. The Grammar is a comprehensive work and an invaluable resource for students and anyone interested in linguistics and the way modern Polish works. Features include: coverage of all parts of speech full cross referencing well selected and illuminating examples. The book is organised in such a way to promote a thorough understanding of Polish at all levels of structure; the sound system, formation of word and phrases and sentence construction. It offers a stimulating analysis of the complexities of the language, providing clear explanations and examples of each point. Polish: A Comprehensive Grammar is the essential reference work on Polish grammar for all learners and users of the language.
The Routledge Intermediate Polish Reader is designed for intermediate students of Polish and includes a wide range of graded texts. The readings are taken from an assortment of contemporary Polish writing, including extracts from modern literature and articles from magazines and newspapers. The texts have been specifically selected to ensure that students receive maximum exposure to topics relevant to Polish language, history, culture and society, making this Reader an engaging and stimulating resource with a meaningful cultural context. Each reading is fully supported by: a general introduction text-related comprehension questions and extensive vocabulary exercises explanations of any difficult grammar structures encountered in the text a comprehensive glossary at the back of the book detailed cultural-historical notes answer key grammar supplement Suitable for both class use and independent study, The Routledge Intermediate Polish Reader is an essential tool for vocabulary learning and increasing reading proficiency.
Sharpen your Polish verb and grammar skills with this all-in-one resource In addition to providing essential concepts regarding verbs and grammar, Polish Verbs & Essentials of Grammar also includes an index of the 500 most popular verbs. This book contains a multitude of examples employing contemporary language to give you a taste of the language in real-life situations. Each unit focuses on a single verbal or grammatical concept, providing concise yet comprehensive explanations.
Never stress over a comma, colon, or dash again! The Only Grammar Book You'll Ever Need is the ideal resource for everyone who wants to produce writing that is clear, concise, and grammatically excellent. Whether you're creating perfect professional documents, spectacular school papers, or effective personal letters, you'll find this handbook indispensable. From word choice to punctuation to organization, English teacher Susan Thurman guides you through getting your thoughts on paper with polish. Using dozens of examples, The Only Grammar Book You'll Ever Need provides guidelines for: –Understanding the parts of speech and elements of a sentence –Avoiding the most common grammar and punctuation mistakes –Using correct punctuating in every sentence –Writing clearly and directly –Approaching writing projects, whether big or small Easy to follow and authoritative, The Only Grammar Book You'll Ever Need provides all the necessary tools to make you successful with every type of written expression.
Do you want to communicate easily and freely in Polish? Master Polish grammar and broaden your vocabulary with your very own Polish Tutor. This contemporary interactive workbook features 200 activities across a range of grammar and vocabulary points with clear goals, concise explanations, and real-world tasks. By studying and practicing Polish grammar you'll understand how the language really works and be able to speak Polish with clarity and ease. What will I learn? The Polish Tutor: Grammar and Vocabulary Workbook covers a comprehensive range of the most useful and frequent grammar and vocabulary in Polish. You can follow along unit by unit, or dip in and dip out to address your weak areas. As you progress, you will be introduced to new vocabulary and combine it with the grammar to complete extensive exercises. You will then practice the language through authentic reading and writing practice. You will achieve a solid upper intermediate level* of Polish grammar. Is this course for me? The Polish Tutor: Grammar and Vocabulary Workbook can be used as a standalone course or as a complement to any other Polish course. It offers extensive practice and review of essential grammar points and vocabulary and skills building. The personal tutor element points out exceptions and gives tips to really help you perfect your Polish. What do I get? This Polish workbook offers a range of clear and effective learning features: -200 activities across a range of grammar and vocabulary points -Unique visuals and infographics for extra context and practice -Personal tutor hints and tips to help you to understand language rules and culture points -Learn to learn section offers tips and advice on how to be a good language learner 20 short learning units each contain: -communication goals to guide your studies -grammar explanations with extensive exercises -vocabulary presentations and activities -reading and writing sections to consolidate your learning *This workbook maps from Novice High to Advanced Mid level proficiency of ACTFL (American Council on Teaching Foreign Languages) and from A2 Beginner to B2 Upper Intermediate level of the CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) guidelines. What other courses are available? For further study and practice, see Get Started in Polish (ISBN 9781444174830) and Complete Polish: Teach Yourself (ISBN 9781444195286). Rely on Teach Yourself, trusted by language learners for over 75 years.
(abridged and revised) This reference grammar offers intermediate and advanced students a reason ably comprehensive guide to the morphology and syntax of educated speech and plain prose in Spain and Latin America at the end of the twentieth century. Spanish is the main, usually the sole official language of twenty-one countries,} and it is set fair to overtake English by the year 2000 in numbers 2 of native speakers. This vast geographical and political diversity ensures that Spanish is a good deal less unified than French, German or even English, the latter more or less internationally standardized according to either American or British norms. Until the 1960s, the criteria of internationally correct Spanish were dictated by the Real Academia Espanola, but the prestige of this institution has now sunk so low that its most solemn decrees are hardly taken seriously - witness the fate of the spelling reforms listed in the Nuevas normas de prosodia y ortograjia, which were supposed to come into force in all Spanish-speaking countries in 1959 and, nearly forty years later, are still selectively ignored by publishers and literate persons everywhere. The fact is that in Spanish 'correctness' is nowadays decided, as it is in all living languages, by the consensus of native speakers; but consensus about linguistic usage is obviously difficult to achieve between more than twenty independent, widely scattered and sometimes mutually hostile countries. Peninsular Spanish is itself in flux.
This work is devoted to morphosyntactic processing in the earliest stages of L2 Polish. The target structure taken into consideration is the morphosyntactic opposition between the nominative and accusative case, respectively corresponding to the subject and object function. This is the first book-length work devoted to the VILLA project, a large multi-national initiative within which 90 adult learners took part in a first-exposure, 14-hour Polish course under controlled input conditions. As participants had never been exposed to Polish or other Slavic languages, the experiment portrays the very first contact with a completely new target language; moreover, since the learners were evenly distributed among five L1 groups, L1 interference can also be investigated in depth. In addition to an in-depth analysis of the effect of input properties on morpho-syntactic processing, the book discusses sensitive methodological points such as the role of semantics in semi-spontaneous production as well as the impact of elicitation techniques.
The goal of this collective monograph is to explore the relationship between the cognitive notion of number and various grammatical devices expressing this concept in natural language with a special focus on Slavic. The book aims at investigating different morphosyntactic and semantic categories including plurality and number-marking, individuation and countability, cumulativity, distributivity and collectivity, numerals, numeral modifiers and classifiers, as well as other quantifiers. It gathers 19 contributions tackling the main themes from different theoretical and methodological perspectives in order to contribute to our understanding of cross-linguistic patterns both in Slavic and non-Slavic languages.