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Examines the main factors influencing unemployment at both an aggregate level and at an individual level and assesses the role of policies to bring unemployment down.
The recent euro crisis and the dramatic increase of unemployment in some euro countries have triggered a renewed interest in a fiscal capacity for the European Union to stabilize the economy of its member states. One of the proposed instruments is a common European unemployment insurance. In this book Sebastian Dullien from the HTW Berlin provides and evaluates a blueprint for such a scheme. Building on lessons from the unemployment insurance in the United States of America, he outlines how a European unemployment benefit scheme could be constructed to provide significant stabilization to national business cycles, yet without strongly extending social protection in Europe. Macroeconomic stabilization effects and payment flows between countries are simulated and options, potential pitfalls and existing concerns discussed.
Spain has the most serious and persistent unemployment problem in Europe, with an unemployment rate that reached 24.6 percent in early 1994. This paper explores the characteristics of this unemployment problem, its causes, and provides a brief discussion of recent labor market reform measures and their likely Impact. A demographic shift in recent years has produced a large rise in female labor force participation and a decrease in agricultural jobs to which the economy has been unable to adjust. The effects of generous unemployment benefits and the large underground economy may explain 6–12 percentage points of the resulting unemployment, but the remainder must be explained by failures and rigidities in the labor market. The paper presents econometric evidence that unemployment displays hysteresis, and that wages are not responsive to changes in the unemployment rate. This evidence supports the claim that insider-outsider factors and rigidities in the legal structure of the labor market are responsible for much of the high unemployment rate. Recent reforms have improved the functioning of the labor market, but they are unlikely to be sufficient to reduce unemployment to single digit rates without further action.
The European economy is emerging from its deepest recession since the 1930s. This volume, which brings together economic analysis from the European Commission services, explains how swift policy response avoided a financial meltdown. Europe also needs an improved co-ordinated crisis-management framework to help it respond to any similar situations that may arise in the future. Economic Crisis in Europe is a much-anticipated volume which shows that the beginnings of such a crisis-management framework are emerging, building on existing institutions and legislation and complemented by new initiatives.
Restoring Europe's Prosperity is the first annual produced by the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), an independent research institution which focuses on the major medium- and long-term issues facing the European community and Western Europe both internally and internationally. The most important economic problems of the past five years have concerned unemployment, economic growth, fiscal deficits, and the value of the U.S. dollar. It is clear that past and present economic policies have not effectively addressed these problems. This CEPS annual selects the best work of the Centre's Macroeconomic Policy Group; a rotating group of distinguished economists who are studying macroeconomic conditions and trends, the implications of the economic policies being pursued, and possible alternative policies. The essays and their authors are: Macroeconomic Prospects and Policies for the European Community, by R. Dornbusch, G. Basevi, O. Blanchard, W Buiter, and R. Layard. Europe: The Case for Unsustainable Growth, by R. Layard, G. Basevi, O. Blanchard, W. Buiter, and R. Dornbusch. Employment and Growth in Europe: A Two-Handed Approach, by O. Blanchard, R. Dornbusch, J. Dreze, H. Giersch, R. Layard, and M. Monti. Public Debt and Fiscal Responsibility, by O. Blanchard, R. Dornbusch, and W. Buiter. US Deficits, the Dollar, and Europe, by O. Blanchard and R. Dornbusch. Olivier Blanchard is Professor of Economics at MIT Rudiger Dornbusch, Ford International Professor of Economics, is also at MIT. Richard Layard, Professor of Economics, is Head of the Centre for Labour Economics at the London School of Economics.
The future of Europe and the role it will play in the 21st century are among the most important political questions of our time. The optimism of a decade ago has now faded but the stakes are higher than ever. The way these questions are answered will have enormous implications not only for all Europeans but also for the citizens of Europe’s closest and oldest ally – the USA. In this new book, one of Europe's leading intellectuals examines the political alternatives facing Europe today and outlines a course of action for the future. Habermas advocates a policy of gradual integration of Europe in which key decisions about Europe's future are put in the hands of its peoples, and a 'bipolar commonality' of the West in which a more unified Europe is able to work closely with the United States to build a more stable and equitable international order. This book includes Habermas's portraits of three long-time philosophical companions, Richard Rorty, Jacques Derrida and Ronald Dworkin. It also includes several important new texts by Habermas on the impact of the media on the public sphere, on the enduring importance religion in "post-secular" societies, and on the design of a democratic constitutional order for the emergent world society.
The creation of the European Central Bank and the Euro have brought new challenges to EU integration and economic policy. This book looks into issues of monetary and factor market policies. The analysis presents new theoretical and empirical research on the current decline of the Euro. Issues regarding exchange rate policies and international economic relations are also addressed.
This book, edited by S.G.B. Henry and Dennis J. Snower, examines the high unemployment that has plagued five European countries- France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom- for more than a decade. Its methodology focuses on the mechanisms that prevent employers and employees from adjusting promptly to changing market opportunities. Chief among these mechanisms are outdated economic structures, the power of labor unions, rising nonwage labor costs, and the disparity between unemployed workers and available jobs. Although cross-country differences indicate that there is no common cause for joblessness in Europe, the book discusses a unique characteristic of the European labor market- that unemployment not only rises during recessions, but does not fall when economic weaknesses are overcome.